Eric Baković

A revised typology of opaque generalisations

Author(s): Bakovic, E | Abstract: This paper is about opaque interactions between phonological processes in the two senses defined by Kiparsky (1971, 1973) and discussed in much recent work on the topic, most notably McCarthy (1999): underapplication opacity, whereby a process appears to have failed to apply in expected contexts on the surface, and overapplication opacity, whereby a process appears to have applied in unexpected contexts on the surface. Specifically, I demonstrate that there are three distinct types of overapplication opacity in addition to the only case discussed and properly categorised as such in the literature, counterbleeding. The analysis of each type of opacity in terms of rule-based serialism and in terms of Optimality Theory is discussed, emphasising the strengths and weaknesses of the two frameworks in each case.

Phonemes, segments and features

As the token generative phonologist invited to comment on the article by Hickok (henceforth H.), I feel that it is incumbent upon me to both clarify some terms and to counter an assumption about the content of generative theories of phonology made in H.s article. While I restrict myself most specifically to H.s article, I hope that these comments are also of some use to others who, like H., aim to integrate the ideas of various traditions in models of speech processing.