Eric Dunning

Quest for excitement : sport and leisure in the civilizing process

Norbert Elias, 1897-1990 Note on the text Introduction, Norbert Elias The Quest for Excitement in Leisure, Norbert Elias and Eric Dunning Leisure in the Sparetime Spectrum, Norbert Elias and Eric Dunning The Genesis of Sport as a Sociological Problem, Part 1, Norbert Elias The Genesis of Sport as a Sociological Problem, Part 2, Norbert Elias An Essay on Sport and Violence, Norbert Elias Folk Football in Medieval and Early Modern Britain, Norbert Elias and Eric Dunning Dynamics of Sport Groups with Special Reference to Football, Norbert Elias and Eric Dunning The Dynamics of Modern Sport: Notes on Achievement-Striving and the Social Significance of Sport, Eric Dunning Social Bonding and Violence in Sport, Eric Dunning Sport as a Male Preserve: Notes on the Social Sources of Masculine Identity and its Transformations, Eric Dunning Football Hooliganism as an Emergent Global Idiom, Eric Dunning Appendix Bibliography Index.

The Rugby Football Club as a Type of "Male Preserve": Some Sociological Notes

Sport is an area of social life which is rich in opportunities for sociological research. So far, however, little work of a genuinely sociological character has been carried out into the problems which it raises. 1 This, it seems to us, is particularly the case as far as the subcultures which arise in connection with sport are concerned. The present paper is an attempt a preliminary one to remedy that deficiency. It is the study, not of a sport per se, but of the development, functions and subsequent modification of the subculture which has grown up around it. The sport in question is Rugby Union football. In Britain, players of this sport have gained a reputation for regularly violating a number of taboos, especially those regarding violence, physical contact, naked-

Figurational Sociology and the Sociology of Sport: Some Concluding Remarks

A number of possibilities suggest themselves as far as the format and contents of this concluding chapter are concerned. I could, for example, indicate the areas of criticism of the figurational position put forward in this volume that I agree with and then attempt a point-by-point rebuttal of those with which I disagree. Alternatively — in line with what a number of scholars erroneously believe to be one of hallmarks of the figurational or ‘process-sociological’ approach1 — I could blithely ignore what others have written and simply discuss some of my own ideas.2 However, neither of these possibilities strikes me as a particularly good idea. Let me attempt to spell out why.

Barbarians, Gentlemen and Players: A Sociological Study of the Development of Rugby Football.

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Elias on Germany, Nazism and the Holocaust : on the balance between civilizing and decivilizing trends in the social development of Western Europe

This paper deals with aspects of the work of Elias: how he dealt with the rise of Nazism and the Holocaust, and how they fit into the general context of his theory of «civilizing processes». In response to critics such as Zygmunt Bauman and Ian Burkitt, the authors seek to clarify what Elias argued in his theory; and to show how, particularly in his book on «The Germans», Elias was able, using this theory, to shed light on the origins and growth of Nazism and its consequences for Germany and the world at large

The social roots of football hooligan violence

The authors review evidence suggesting that football hooliganism is the product of specific structural conditions. They essay a preliminary conceptualization of the ways in which these conditions generate a violent or aggressive masculine style, and attempt to establish what it is about professional football that has given it a lasting hold on the imaginations of sections of the working class. A tentative explanation of football crowd behaviour is offered which relates long-term changes in rates of disorderliness to specific changes in the class structure and in the social composition of football crowds.

Anthropological versus sociological approaches to the study of soccer hooliganism: some critical notes

It is argued that the anthropological approach, as used by Armstrong and Harris, has not generated any breakthrough in the study of soccer hooliganism. In particular, it is suggested that their use of a commonsense rather than a sociological concept of violence vitiates their analysis in several ways, contributing above all to substantial inconsistencies between some of their own empirical data and their general conclusions concerning levels of soccer-related violence. It is also contended that their critique of the ‘figurational’ or ‘process-sociological’ approach followed by the Leicester researchers is based on a confused misrepresentation of that approach. Specifically it is argued (i) that Armstrong and Harris fail to recognize the wide range of methods, including extensive participant observation, used by the Leicester group, (ii) that their attempt to cast doubt on the Leicester groups contention that the core football hooligans come predominantly from the ‘rougher’ sections of the working class is based on nothing more than a priori speculation. In this connection, Armstrong and Harris themselves provide no reliable data on the social class of soccer hooligans in Sheffield, and they seem unaware of the fact that several different sources of data appear to confirm the finding of the Leicester group, (iii) they have misunderstood both the terminology and the reasoning of the Leicester group concerning the ‘rougher’ sections of the working class and their relationship to football hooliganism.

Towards a theory of social processes : a translation

A theory of social processes must diagnose and explain those long-term and unplanned, yet structured and directional trends in the development of social and personality structures that constitute the infrastructure of what is commonly called «history». The reception of such a theoretical approach is hampered by the self-image of contemporary sociology as a discipline primarily concerned with the present and devoted to research on short-term changes and causal relationships within given social systems. This self-image results from a problematic division of intellectual labour between history and sociology, but also from sociologys increasing involvement in social practive, i.e. bureaucratically controlled social planning. While contributing to such planning, sociologists ignore the long-term, unplanned developments which produce the conditions for the present-day practice of planning and in which all planned social development is entangled. Complementary processes of functional differentiation, social integration and civilization are strands of this complex long-term development. Its dynamics require further exploration

The Bifurcation of Rugby Union and Rugby League: a Case Study of Organizational Conflict and Change

It is with this lesser known form of football the Rugby game that the present paper is principally concerned. It, too, exists in two different for ms. Rugby Union and Rugby League. Their common origin is clearly discernible in the fact that both are played with an oval ball and that both stress handling and throwing rather than kicking. There are, nevertheless, several marked differences between them. Thus Rugby Union is, nominally at least, an entirely amateur game played by 15-a side whereas Rugby League is played by professionals as well as amateurs and its teams consist of only 13 players. More important for present purposes, however, is the fact that Rugby Union is played throughout the British Isles, primarily by members of the middle classes, whereas Rugby League is restricted almost solely to the North of England, particularly to the counties of Yorkshire and Lancashire. It also recruits its personnel, players and spectators though not, to the same extent, its administrative staff, mainly from the working class. The two forms of Rugby are governed by entirely separate ruling bodies: the Rugby Football Union with headquarters in London and the Rugby League with headquarters in Leeds. The former rules according

Sociological reflections on sport, violence and civilization.

At present, there is a widespread belief in many societies that violence is currently increasing in many spheres of social life, including sport. After a brief review of Eliass theory of civilizing processes, it is shown via analyses of sports in the Ancient world, sports in medieval and early modern Europe, and via an analysis of the initial development of specifically modern forms of sport, that the dominant long-term trend in this field basically confirms Eliass theory. The paper concludes with an analysis of soccer hooliganism and with a discussion of recent social policy in that regard.