Eric Steen Hansen

The lichen genera Catapyrenium and Placidiopsis in Greenland

Seven species ofCatapyrenium and one ofPlacidiopsis are reported from Greenland. Five taxa, viz.Catapyrenium michelii, C. norvegicum, C. squamulosum, C. waltheri andPlacidiopsis pseudocinerea are new to the area. Taxonomy, distribution and ecology are briefly discussed. A key to species and distribution maps are presented.Catapyrenium norvegicum is described as new.

DNA barcoding of brown Parmeliae (Parmeliaceae) species: a molecular approach for accurate specimen identification, emphasizing species in Greenland

Warming of Arctic and alpine regions has a substantial impact on high-altitude/-latitude ecosystems. Shifting biomes due to climate change may lead to adjustments in species distributions and potential extinctions. Therefore, detailed monitoring is requisite to assess biologically meaningful shifts in community composition and species distributions. Some Arctic-alpine lichens have been shown to be particularly sensitive to climatic shifts associated with global change. However, accurate identification of lichenized fungal species remains challenging and may limit the effective use of lichens in climate change research. Given the inherent difficulties in accurate identification of lichenized fungi and the potential value of efficient identifications for bio-monitoring research, we investigated the utility of DNA barcode identification of the 13 brown Parmeliae (Ascomycota) species occurring in Greenland. For these species, we assessed monophyly and genetic distances using the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), the standard DNA barcode for fungi. We also compared intraspecific distance values to a proposed intra-interspecific threshold value for Parmeliaceae to identify nominal taxa potentially masking previously unrecognized diversity. Our results indicated that the 13 brown Parmeliae species occurring in Greenland can be successfully discriminated using the ITS region. All phenotypically circumscribed species were recovered as well-supported, monophyletic clades. Furthermore, our data supported a barcode gap among congeners for all brown Parmeliae species investigated here. However, high intraspecific genetic distances suggest the potential for previously unrecognized species-lineages in at least five species: Melanelia agnata, M. hepatizon, Montanelia disjuncta, M. panniformis, and M. tominii. Our research facilitates effective, long-term bio-monitoring of climate change in Greenland using lichens by providing accurate molecular identification of brown Parmeliae specimens.

A contribution to the lichen flora of the Kangerlussuaq area, West Greenland

Abstract This paper lists 105 infrageneric taxa of lichens from the Kangerlussuaq area in West Greenland. Arctoparmelia separata is new to Greenland. Fulgensia desertorum is new to West Greenland. 49 entries represent the first report from the Kangerlussuaq area.

NOTES ON ARTHRORHAPHIS AND ITS LICHENICOLOUS FUNGI IN GREENLAND

Three yellow colored Arthrorhaphis-taxa (Arthrorhaphis alpina, A. citrinella, and A. vacillans) are floristically treated for Greenland. A key and a distribution map are included. In addition, short descriptions are provided for these taxa as well as for three lichenicolous fungi on Arthrorhaphis Cercidospora soror, C. trypetheliza, and Merismatium decolorans, all of which are reported as new to Greenland. The taxa of the genus Arthrorhaphis in Europe and Greenland have previously been revised by Obermayer (1994). Ihlen (1998) treated the Norwegian taxa. Three species-Arthrorhaphis alpina, A. citrinella, and A. vacillans-all of them yellow-colored due to the occurrence of rhizocarpic acid, were recognized for Greenland. The last-mentioned species (syn. Bacidia anziana Lynge) has also been discussed by Lynge (1940) and Hansen and Poelt (1987). A map outlining the distribution of Arthrorhaphis vacillans and A. alpina in the American Arctic has recently been presented by Thomson (1998). With the intention of mapping the Greenland occurrences of these species in detail, we investigated the available material. The four non-yellow (rhizocarpic acid lacking) species of Arthrorhaphis, A. aeruginosa R. Sant. & Tensberg, A. grisea Th. Fr., A. muddii Obermayer, and A. olivacea R. Sant. & Tensberg have so far not been found in Greenland. MATERIAL AND METHODS About 200 specimens from the herbaria c and GZU (including representative material of duplicates from herbarium o) have been studied with Zeiss light microscopes. The cited material is kept in c and GZU. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF ARTHRORHAPHIS CONTAINING

Geological and Sociological Aspects of Epilithic Lichen Ecology at Qaanaaq (Thule), Northwestern Greenland

Seven lichen community types of the epilithic lichen vegetation around the town Qaanaaq (Thule), northwestern Greenland, are recognized on the basis of floristic composition and different habitat f...

Vertical Distribution of Lichens on the Mountain, Aucellabjerg, Northeastern Greenland

The vertical distribution of 98 species of lichens was investigated on the mountain, Aucellabjerg, in northeastern Greenland. Five altitudinal zones are defined by their plant communities with particular emphasis on the lichens. Both the number of communities and the number of species decline toward the mountain top. Forty-four epigeic lichens with a wide distribution in Greenland are restricted to the lowest part of Aucellabjerg, while 12 species occur in both the lowest and the highest altitudinal zone. Twelve widely distributed saxicolous lichens occur at almost all elevations on this mountain, whereas 7 species appear to be restricted to the lowland. Among 8 lichens with a mainly northern distribution in Greenland, 3 species show a particular preference for the highest zone on Aucellabjerg. Twenty-five macro- and microlichens have almost the same vertical distribution on Aucellabjerg and three previously investigated mountains in southeastern Greenland. Thirty-one macrolichens have approximately the same vertical distribution on Aucellabjerg and different mountains in southwestern Greenland.

Contribution To The Lichen Flora Of South East Greenland. III. The Coastal Area Between 63° And 65° N

Abstract The paper lists 95 lichen taxa from the coastal area between 63° and 65° N in South East Greenland. Of these, 46 lichens were recorded for the first time from the area. Lecanora symmicta and Ochrolechia tartarea are new to East Greenland. Acarospora badiofusca, Aspicilia annulata and Parmeliella triptophylla are new to South East Greenland.

Contribution to the Lichen Flora of South East Greenland. I. the Kangerlussuaq Area

Abstract The paper lists 72 lichen taxa from the Kangerlussuaq area, South East Greenland. Of these, 45 lichens were recorded for the first time from the area. Rhizocarpon anseris and R. eupetraeum are new to East Greenland. Nine lichen taxa are new to South East Greenland, viz. Amandinea coniops, Aspicilia candida, Calvitimela aglaea, Candelariella aurella, Ionaspis suaveolens, Lecanora hagenii var. fallax, Placynthium pannariellum, Pyrenopsis furfurea and Staurothelefissa.

Contribution to the lichen flora of South East Greenland. IV. The Ammassalik area

Abstract The paper lists 102 lichen taxa from the Ammassalik area, South East Greenland. Rinodina egedeana and Verrucaria erichsenii are new to East Greenland. Seven lichen taxa are new to South East Greenland, viz. Acarospora peliscypha, Caloplaca magni-filii, Lecanora atromarginata, Lecidella euphorea, Miriquidica nigroleprosa, Peltigera britannica and Rhizocarpon atroflavescens.

Contribution to the lichen flora of North East Greenland. V. Zackenberg and Clavering Ø area

Abstract The paper lists 202 lichen taxa from Zackenberg and Clavering Ø area, North East Greenland. Ochrolechia androgyna, Psora globifera and Rhizocarpon renneri are new to East Greenland. Sixteen lichen taxa are new to North East Greenland, viz. Aspicilia aquatica, Candelariella dispersa, Chaenotheca furfuracea, Circinaria caesiocinerea, Cladonia libifera, Lecanora cenisia, L. chloroleprosa, L. leptacina, Lichenomphalia alpina, Miriquidica atrofulva, M. nigroleprosa, Ochrolechia alaskana, Peltigera castanea, P. extenuata, Phylliscum demangeonii and Pyrenopsis furfurea.