Erica Cristina Bueno do Prado Guirro

Efeitos cardiovasculares da anestesia dissociativa na reposição volêmica com colóide e solução hipertônica em cães: avaliação biotelemétrica

The cardiovascular effects were evaluated for a 24-hour period, after the administration of hypertonic solution (NaCl 7.5%) or in association with hidroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 (HES) in dogs under induced experimental hypovolemia and treated with racemic ketamine (RK) or S(+) ketamine (SK). After the hypovolemia induction, administration of NaCl 7.5% (4mL.kg-1) was performed in two groups named hypertonic S(+) (HSG) and hypertonic racemic (HRG), or NaCl 7.5% (4mL.kg-1) in association with HES, in the same ratio of removed blood, in two groups named hypertonic colloid S(+) (HCSG) and hypertonic colloid racemic (HCRG). After 30 minutes, SK (5mg.kg-1) was administered by intravenous injection in HSG and HCSG groups, or RK (10mg.kg-1) in HRG and HCRG groups. The heart rate (HR) and systolic arterial pressure (SAP) were lower after hypovolemia and RK. Mean (MAP) and diastolic arterial pressure (DAP) were reduced after hypovolemia and either SK or RK administration. Significant differences were not observed among the groups to HR, SAP, MAP, and DAP during the biotelemetry mensuration period, from T210 to T1440. HES associated with NaCl 7.5% administration propitiated immediate re-establishment of MAP. NaCl 7.5% administration did not restore MAP in hypovolemic patients. Either RK or SK administrations produced similar effects and all of the treatments maintained stable blood pressure and heart rate for a 24-hour period.

Avaliação hemodinâmica e metabólica da cetamina e cetamina S(+) após a reposição volêmica com hidroxietilamido 130/0,4 e solução salina hipertônica 7,5%

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos hemodinâmicos e metabolicos, apos a administracao de solucao salina hipertonica (NaCL) 7,5% ou em associacao ao hidroxietilamido (HES), em caes com hipovolemia induzida e tratados com cetamina. Apos a inducao da hipovolemia, administrou-se NaCl 7,5% (4,0ml kg-1) no grupo hipertonica levogira (GHL) e grupo hipertonica racemica (GHR) ou HES 130/0,4 na mesma proporcao de sangue retirado, associado a NaCl 7,5% (4ml kg-1) no grupo hipertonica coloide levogira (GHCL) e no grupo hipertonica coloide racemica (GHCR). Apos 30 minutos, administrou-se, por via IV, cetamina levogira (CL) (5mg kg-1) no GHL e GHCL ou cetamina racemica (CR) (10mg kg-1) no GHR e GHCR. Empregou-se a analise de variância de uma unica via com repeticoes multiplas (ANOVA) e o teste de Student Newman Keuls (P£0,05). A frequencia cardiaca e a pressao arterial sistolica foram menores apos a hipovolemia e apos a CR. As pressoes arteriais media e diastolica foram menores apos a hipovolemia e cetamina. A pressao venosa central foi maior apos a administracao do coloide. Os indices cardiaco e sistolico foram menores apos a hipovolemia em todos os grupos e, apos a fase de expansao no GHL e GHR. A pressao media da arteria pulmonar foi menor apos a hipovolemia em todos os grupos. A pressao de oclusao da arteria pulmonar foi maior apos o coloide. O indice do trabalho ventricular esquerdo foi menor apos a hipovolemia no GHCL e GHCR. O indice da resistencia periferica total foi maior apos a hipovolemia e menor apos a CL. Observou-se acidose metabolica apos a hipovolemia e apos a cetamina. Ocorreu acidose respiratoria apos a cetamina no GHL e GHR. Conclui-se que a administracao de NaCl 7,5% associado ao HES 130/0,4 promove o restabelecimento imediato dos parâmetros hemodinâmicos e metabolicos no paciente hipovolemico; a administracao isolada de NaCl 7,5% nao e capaz de restaurar a PAM no periodo imediato, mas melhora os demais parâmetros hemodinâmicos e metabolicos; a administracao de CR ou CL produz efeitos hemodinâmicos e metabolicos similares no paciente hipovolemico.

Ausência de efeito antinociceptivo decorrente da administração intravenosa de crotalfina em comparação com morfina, U50-488H ou fenilbutazona em equinos submetidos à estimulação térmica da pele íntegra

Crotalphine is a novel analgesic peptide that acts on kappa and delta opioid receptors providing powerful analgesia in rats submitted to inflammatory, neuropathic or oncologic pain model. Maybe crotalphine can be used to treat pain in other species. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate nociceptive response at scapular and isquiatic region of horses treated with crotalphine, morphine, U50-488H or phenylbutazone and submitted to thermal stimulation in complete skin. Eighteen Arabian horses were allocated in five experimental groups: GC (5mL NaCl 0.9%), GCRO (3.8ng.kg-1 crotalphine), GK (160 µg.kg-1 U50-488H), GM (0.1mg.kg-1 morphine) and GP (4.4mg.kg-1 phenylbutazone). Animals were submitted to inflammatory pain model by thermal stimulation (140°C) and during 24h latency to skin twitch at scapular and isquiatic region were evaluated. The U50-488H produced antinociceptive effect at isquiatic region along two hours, but, in other moments of GK and in the other groups there was not antinociceptive effect, because LRFCesc and LRFCisq in complete skin of horses did not increase during 24h evaluation. Thus, crotalphine, morphine, U50-488H and phenylbutazone did not cause relevant antinociceptive effect in horses submitted to thermal stimulation in complete skin.

Efeitos comportamental, clínico e analgésico promovidos pela injeção epidural preventiva de morfina, xilazina ou clonidina, em equinos

Opioids and 2-agonists have analgesic effect and preventive administration by epidural route can minimize undesirable and clinical effects. So, behavioral, clinical and analgesic effects were evaluated for 24 hours after preventive epidural injection of morphine (0,1mg kg-1), xylazine (0,17mg kg-1) or clonidine (3µg kg-1) in 18 horses subjected to incisional model of inflammatory pain evaluated by von Frey filaments. Behavioral changes and changes in heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature and height of head were minimum and transitory. Cutaneous sensivity in injured skin was similar to complete skin for 24, 8 and 12 hours after preventive epidural injection of morphine, xylazine and clonidine, respectively. Moreover, clinical and behavioral changes were not severe along 24 hours.

Injeção epidural preventiva de xilazina ou amitraz em eqüinos: efeitos clínicos e comportamentais

Xylazine is the α 2 -adrenergic agonist more employed by epidural route in horses and it is known that amitraz acts on these receptors. So, clinical and behavioral effects caused by epidural injection of 0.17mg kg -1 xylazine (GX) or 0.1mg.kg -1 amitraz diluted in lipidic emulsion (GA) were evaluated in 12 horses. Heart rate and height of the head didn’t change; respiratory rate increased from T105 to T360 in GX; rectal temperature increased from T120 to T720 in GA and from T360 to T720 in GX. There is no difference in latency to urine or defecate in both groups. Concerning behavioral changes, amitraz promoted sedation (50%), lip (33.4%) and eye (16.6%) dropping, while xylazine caused ataxia (50%), perineal sweating (33.4%), eye dropping (16.6%) and anal sphincter relaxation (16.6%). So, epidural injection of xylazine or amitraz was considered safe because the clinical and behavioral changes observed are subtle and don’t limit its application.

Injeção epidural preventiva de xilazina ou amitraz, em eqüinos: efeito antinociceptivo

Epidural administration of α 2 agonists promotes antinociceptive effect and amitraz acts on α