Érico Felden Pereira

Percepção da imagem corporal de crianças e adolescentes com diferentes níveis socio-econômicos na cidade de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil

OBJECTIVES: to identify the body image perception in children and adolescents from different socio-economic backgrounds. METHODS: a cross-cutting study was carried out in the city of Florianopolis, in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil, in the year 2006. Four hundred and two schoolchildren, with an average age of 11.35 ± 1.98 years, enrolled in the final years of primary school were investigated. Body image perception was identified using the Stunkard silhouettes protocol and socio-economic status was evaluated using the criteria proposed by the National Pres and Research Association (ANEP). Prevalence ratios were calculated for dissatisfaction arising from perceived excessive weight or excessive thinness. RESULTS: among males, silhouette 3 was the one most often chosen among those from the upper and middle classes, whereas those of lower socio-economic status opted for silhouette 4; middle and upper class girls, however, opted for silhouette 2 was chosen and girls from less privileged backgrounds tended to select silhouette 3 as best representing their own silhouette. Silhouette 3 for males and 2 for females are considered to be the ideal for most school-age children. Less privileged young people had a higher prevalence of dissatisfaction arising from excess weight than more privileged ones. CONCLUSIONS: there was a tendency to children of a higher social status to be dissatisfied because they regarded themselves as being too thin and for children of lower social status to be dissatisfied because they perceived themselves to be overweight.

Duração do sono em adolescentes de diferentes níveis socioeconômicos

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the sleep duration in adolescents of different socioeconomic status. METHOD: We investigated 863 adolescents from 10 to 19 years in two schools in Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. Sleep habits data and socioeconomic status were obtained by questionnaires. RESULTS: Mean sleep duration on days of the week was 8.83(1.87) hours and the prevalence of adolescents with eight or fewer hours/day was 39.0% on school days (p = 0.043). On adjusted analysis, age, socioeconomic status and taking a nap habit were the main factors associated with few hours of sleep. Older students (aged 18 to 19 years) showed higher prevalence of few hours of sleep when compared to younger students (10 to 11 years) (RP = 4.78; IC95%: 1.98-11.53), as well as for upper class adolescents when compared to those with lower socioeconomic status. CONCLUSION: Results showed the association between socioeconomic status and adolescents sleep/wake habits.

Potential link between caffeine consumption and pediatric depression: a case-control study

BackgroundEarly-onset depressive disorders can have severe consequences both from developmental and functional aspects. The etiology of depressive disorders is complex and multi-factorial, with an intricate interaction among environmental factors and genetic predisposition. While data from studies on adults suggest that caffeine is fairly safe, effects of caffeine in children, who are in period of rapid brain development, are currently unknown. Furthermore, systematic research addressing the relationship between depressive symptoms in children and caffeine consumption is lacking.The present study examined the effects of caffeine consumption on depressed mood in children with depression and non-depressed participants.MethodsChildren and adolescents (n = 51) already enrolled in an ongoing longitudinal study, aged 9-12 years, were assessed for depressive symptoms with the Children Depressive Inventory (CDI). Psychopathological symptoms were assessed with the Child Behavioral Checklist (CBCL) and eating habits were assessed with the Nutrition-Behavior Inventory (NBI) [1]. The children were compared to control children without psychopathology attending public schools in a Southern Brazilian city.ResultsParticipants with CDI scores ≥ 15 (mean = 19; S.D. = 4) also had high NBI scores (mean = 52; S.D. = 19, p < 0.001) suggestive of a relationship between depressive symptoms and environmental factors, in this case nutrition/behavior. Additional linear regression adjusted statistical analysis, considering the factors of consumption of sweets and caffeine individually, showed that caffeine, but not sweets, was associated with depressive symptoms.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that depressed children consume more caffeinated drinks than non-depressed children. Nonetheless while a strong association between depressive symptoms and caffeine consumption among children was found, further research should investigate whether or not this association is due to a cause and effect relationship.

Relação entre diferentes indicadores antropométricos e a percepção da imagem corporal em idosas ativas

CONTEXTO: As prevalencias de insatisfacao com a imagem corporal vem crescendo e as relacoes entre a autoimagem e diferentes indicadores antropometricos ainda nao sao bem conhecidas em muitos grupos. OBJETIVO: Identificar a relacao entre a percepcao da imagem corporal e diferentes indicadores antropometricos em idosas ativas. METODOS:Participaram do estudo 62 idosas, inseridas em programa de hidroginastica ha pelo menos cinco anos. A analise da percepcao da imagem corporal foi realizada utilizando-se o protocolo de Stunkard et al. (1983). Foram realizadas medidas de massa corporal, estatura, circunferencias (cintura, quadril e braco) e da dobra cutânea tricipital. Para a analise dos dados, foi utilizada analise de correlacao de Spearman, regressao linear multipla e regressao de Poisson. RESULTADOS: As silhuetas 5 e 6 e as silhuetas 4 e 3 foram as mais indicadas como reais e ideais, respectivamente. A maior parte das idosas (72,6%) estava insatisfeita com sua imagem corporal em funcao do excesso de peso. Os modelos de regressao com maior poder de predicao da silhueta real levaram em consideracao a circunferencia de cintura (74% de explicacao) e a circunferencia da cintura e dobra cutânea tricipital (77% de explicacao). A prevalencia de insatisfacao com a imagem corporal foi 1,42 vez maior nas idosas classificadas em situacao de risco, considerando-se a area de gordura do braco. CONCLUSOES:As medidas de cintura e de braco foram as mais relevantes para a imagem corporal do grupo. A grande prevalencia de insatisfacao com a imagem corporal remete a necessidade de intervencoes nutricionais e psicologicas no grupo de idosas.

Effect of Morning School Schedule on Sleep and Anthropometric Variables in Adolescents: A Follow-Up Study

The aim of this study was to assess whether the shift from afternoon to morning classes reduces the duration of sleep and whether this reduction has any relation to body fat measurements. This is a follow-up study in which students (n = 379), 12.4 (SDu2009±u20090.7) yrs old, were evaluated before and after the school schedule shift, with a 1-yr interval between the first and second data collections. Adolescents were divided into two groups: an afternoon-morning group (students who shifted from afternoon to morning classes) and an afternoon-afternoon group (students who remained in afternoon classes). The morning schedule of classes lasted from 07:30 and 12:00u2009h, and the afternoon schedule of classes lasted from 13:00 and 17:30u2009h. Self-reported bedtime, wake-up time, and time-in-bed were obtained. Body mass index, waist circumference, and body fat percentage were obtained by direct measures. The results showed a reduction of time-in-bed during weekdays for those students who changed to the morning session (p < .001). Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) for repeated measures of anthropometric differences between afternoon-afternoon and afternoon-morning groups showed no effect of the school schedule change on weight gain. In conclusion, the time-in-bed reduction in the period analyzed cannot be considered to be a mediating factor to modifications in overweight anthropometric indicators. (Author correspondence: michelleb_fisio@yahoo.com.br)

Sono, trabalho e estudo: duração do sono em estudantes trabalhadores e não trabalhadores

The aim of this study was to investigate the duration of sleep and associated factors in working and non-working students. Data were analyzed on the sleep-wake cycle in 863 teenage students in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Adjusted analyses were performed to compare sleep duration in working and non-working students. 18.4% of the group worked, and 52% of the working students slept eight hours or less per night. Prevalence of short sleep duration was higher in working students of both sexes (males, p = 0.017; females, p < 0.001). Working students showed short sleep duration in the analysis adjusted for socioeconomic status, but short sleep was more frequent in older adolescents (p = 0.004) and in lower (p = 0.001) and middle (p = 0.011) socioeconomic classes. Although more working students were in night school, in the model adjusted for gender and socioeconomic status, working students in afternoon courses showed higher prevalence of short sleep duration (PR = 2.53; 95%CI: 1.68-4.12).

Transtornos alimentares e imagem corporal em acadêmicos de Educação Física

The objective of this study was to identify the relationships possible eating disorders and distortion of body image in physical education students. The sample was composed by 229 students (45.6% males). The body image was analyzed by mean Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) and the eating disorders through Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26). The presence of possible eating disorders was associated with distortion of body image (p<0.001) and not with nutritional status (p=0.448). Already the distortion in body image was associated both with possible eating disorders (p<0.001) and with the nutritional status (p=0.016). The university students with distortion of body image that were 5.29-folder higher (CI 95%: 2.15-13.09) when compared with no disorders group. The possible eating disorders indicators and distortion body image were higher in females and the higher nutritional status prevalence in males.The objective of this study was to identify the relationships possible eating disorders and distortion of body image in physical education students. The sample was composed by 229 students (45.6% males). The body image was analyzed by mean Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) and the eating disorders through Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26). The presence of possible eating disorders was associated with distortion of body image (p<0.001) and not with nutritional status (p=0.448). Already the distortion in body image was associated both with possible eating disorders (p<0.001) and with the nutritional status (p=0.016). The university students with distortion of body image that were 5.29-folder higher (CI 95%: 2.15-13.09) when compared with no disorders group. The possible eating disorders indicators and distortion body image were higher in females and the higher nutritional status prevalence in males.

Percepção de qualidade do sono e da qualidade de vida de músicos de orquestra

CONTEXTO: As condicoes de saude e trabalho de musicos profissionais tem sido pouco investigadas. OBJETIVOS: Identificar a frequencia de baixa qualidade de sono em um grupo de musicos de orquestra, bem como analisar possiveis associacoes com as variaveis de percepcao da qualidade de vida geral. METODO: A qualidade do sono, o cronotipo e a qualidade de vida geral foram avaliados por meio dos questionarios de Pittsburgh, Horne-Ostberg e WHOQOL-bref, respectivamente, em 22 musicos (17 homens e cinco mulheres) de uma orquestra. RESULTADOS: A baixa qualidade do sono foi identificada em 71%. As dimensoes mais associadas a qualidade de sono foram a capacidade para desempenhar as atividades do dia a dia (p = 0,003) e do trabalho (p = 0,004), dor e desconforto (p = 0,006), satisfacao com as relacoes pessoais (p = 0,007) e capacidade de aproveitar a vida (p = 0,008). O dominio fisico na analise da qualidade de vida foi o que apresentou maior poder explicativo para a qualidade do sono (34%). O cronotipo e as horas de sono nao apresentam associacao com a qualidade do sono. CONCLUSOES: Identificou-se uma alta frequencia de baixa qualidade de sono. Medidas para a promocao da qualidade do sono nesta populacao devem priorizar as variaveis relacionadas a qualidade de vida em seu aspecto fisico.

Aptidão física, idade e estado nutricional em militares

FUNDAMENTO: Aunque existe una tendencia de disminucion de los niveles de aptitud fisica, la intensidad de este descenso en razon de la edad y del estado nutricional en varones adultos no se conoce bien, especialmente en la poblacion brasilena. OBJETIVO: Analizar los niveles de aptitud fisica de acuerdo a la edad y el estado nutricional en varones adultos. METODOS: Se aplicaron pruebas de resistencia aerobica y muscular y flexibilidad y evaluacion del estado nutricional en 1.011 varones. Se llevaron a cabo analisis de correlacion, covarianza y razones de prevalencias por medio de regresion de Poisson. RESULTADOS: Los individuos presentaron desempeno regular en las pruebas de aptitud fisica. Una disminucion de los indices de desempeno fisico segun el avance de la edad se verifico, teniendo en cuenta todos los grupos de edad investigados. Los analisis de covarianza corregidos por la edad evidencio diferencias (p < 0,001) para todas las pruebas comparando a individuos normales y con sobrepeso/obesidad. Las razones de prevalencias evidenciaron una fuerte tendencia de disminucion del desempeno fisico de los 18 a los 54 anos. Sujetos con edades entre 41-54 anos presentaron prevalencias de bajos indices de VO2max 3,22 veces mayor en comparacion con el grupo de edad de 18-20 y 1,40 vez mayor en comparacion a sujetos con edades entre 21-25 anos. Hubo una reduccion de los scores de VO2max del grupo de 18-20 con relacion a 41-54 anos de un 11,45% en el grupo normal y de 20,91% en el grupo con sobrepeso y obesidad. CONCLUSION: La edad y el estado nutricional presentaron fuerte influencia en la disminucion en los scores de desempeno fisico principalmente tras los 30 anos.BACKGROUNDnAlthough there is a trend toward the decrease in levels of physical fitness, the intensity of this decrease due to the aging process and the nutritional status in adult male individuals is not well-known, especially in the Brazilian population.nnnOBJECTIVEnTo analyze the levels of physical fitness according to age and the nutritional status in adult male individuals.nnnMETHODSnAerobic and muscular endurance tests as well as flexibility tests and nutritional status assessment were carried out in 1,011 male individuals. Analyses of correlation, covariance and prevalence ratio were performed through Poisson regression.nnnRESULTSnThe individuals presented a moderate performance at the physical fitness tests. A decrease in the levels of physical performance according to the aging process was verified, considering all age ranges analyzed. The analysis of covariance corrected by age showed differences (p<0.001) for all tests comparing normal individuals and those with overweight/obesity. The prevalence ratios showed a strong trend toward the decrease in the physical fitness from 18 to 54 years. Individuals aged 41 to 54 years presented prevalences of low VO(2max) index that were 3.22-fold higher when compared to those aged 18 to 20 and 1.40-fold higher when compared to individuals aged 21 to 25 years. There was a decrease in the VO(2max) scores in the 18 to 20 age range, when compared to the 41 to 54 age range, of 11.45% in the normal group and 20.91% in the group with overweight and obesity.nnnCONCLUSIONnAge and the nutritional status have a strong influence on the decreased physical performance scores, mainly after 30 years of age.

Relação entre força dinâmica máxima de membros inferiores e o equilíbrio corporal em praticantes de musculação

The relationship between force and balance show controversy results and has direct implications in exercise prescription practice. The objective was to investigate the relationship between maximum dynamic force (MDF) of inferior limbs and the static and dynamic balances. Participated in the study 60 individuals, with 18 to 24 years old, strength training apprentices. The MDF was available by mean the One Maximum Repetition (1MR) in leg press and knee extension and motor testes to available of static and dynamic balances. The correlation tests and multiple linear regression were applied. The force and balance variables showed correlation in females (p=0.038). The corporal mass and static balance showed correlation for the males (p=0.045). The explication capacity at MDF and practices time were small: 13% for static balance in males, 18% and 17%, respectively, for static and dynamic balance in females. In conclusion: the MDF of inferior limbs showed low predictive capacity for performance in static and dynamic balances, especially for males.