Erik Ask-Upmark

CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF WANDERING OF PROJECTILES WITHIN THE CAVITIES OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

i l l t rr~ , aged 21, medic2al stundent. EQiinily history negative, except that a sister, now aged 20, was a sornnambulist during child-hoot1 and is said later to have had epileptiform attacks. The patient w:is :is a child feeble, pale, and suffered from acetonemia. In connection with this disease he had often attacks of head-ache with vomiting and photophobia. At least twice exposed to injuries of the head : at the age of 8 years he was pushed by :I fellow while playing so that lie fell backwards, struck the back of his head and lost consciousness, for some minutes. At the age of 9 he fell down 4 meters on his heat1 when doing gymnastics : he lost consciousness and suffered for a long time from severe headache. He does not know of any disturbances caused by these head injuries: thus he still remained among the best in the school. At the age of 12 he had Schlatters disease in both tuberositas tibiae. I n the same year he had rheumatic fever, which was said to involve the heart, and soon afterwards appendicitis with peritonitis. On April 6th, 1925, the boy, then 14 years old, was hit accidentally Oy a shot from a saloon-rifle of large calibre (probably 6.3 mm.). The shot was fired at a distance of less than 10 cm. and struck his left cheek.

EXPERIENCES ON ENCEPHALOGRAPHY WITH SPECIAL REGARD TO THE INSUFFLATION OF AIR BY CISTERNAL (SUBOCCIPITAL) PUNCTURE.

The intentional introduction of air into the cranial cavity for diagnostical purposes was at first carried out by Dandy 1918, and certainly as the practical result of two cardinal experiences. Firstly, one had learned that the usual neurological mamination combined with the ordinary roentgenological exploration of the cranium was in many cases insufficient when it dealt with the diagnosis of intracranial pathological conditions. Secondly, certain observations, made perhaps especially during the war, proved the harmlessness, in itself, of air which had entered, by the way of a trauma, into the cranial cavity, where i t was easy to recognize roentgenologically. Originally the air was injected by Dandy into the ventricular system of the brain: ventriculography. Later it was tried to inject the ai r into the subarachnoid space by means of lumbar puncture: encephalography. Finally the eiicephalography has, by a few authors, been carried out by nieans of suboccipital puncture, that is introduction of the air through the cisterna cerebellomedullaris.