Erik Michael Gregersen

Large-Area Mapping at 850 Microns. II. Analysis of the Clump Distribution in the ρ Ophiuchi Molecular Cloud

We present results from a survey of the central 700 arcmin2 region of the ρ Ophiuchi molecular cloud at 850 μm using the Submillimeter Common-User Bolometer Array (SCUBA) on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope. Using the clump-finding procedure developed by Williams et al., we identify 55 independent objects and compute size, flux, and degree of central concentration. Comparison with isothermal, pressure-confined, self-gravitating Bonnor-Ebert spheres implies that the clumps have internal temperatures of 10-30 K and surface pressures P/k = 106-7 K cm-3, consistent with the expected average pressure in the ρ Ophiuchi central region, P/k ~ 2 × 107 K cm-3. The clump masses span 0.02-6.3 M☉ assuming a dust temperature Td ~ 20 K and a dust emissivity κ850 = 0.01 cm2 g-1. The distribution of clump masses is well characterized by a broken power law, N(M) ∝ M-α, with α = 1.0-1.5 for M > 0.6 M☉ and α = 0.5 for M ≤ 0.6 M☉, although significant incompleteness may affect the slope at the lower mass end. This mass function is in general agreement with the ρ Ophiuchi clump mass function derived at 1.3 mm by Motte et al. The two-point correlation function of the clump separations is measured and reveals clustering on size scales r < 3 × 104 AU with a radial power-law exponent γ = 0.75.

Low upper limits on the O2 abundance from the Odin satellite

For the first time, a search has been conducted in our Galaxy for the 119 GHz transition connecting to the ground state of O2, using the Odin satellite. Equipped with a sensitive 3 mm receiver (Tsy ...

How to Identify Pre-Protostellar Cores

We have observed the HCO+ J=3-2 line toward 17 starless cores selected from the list of Ward-Thompson et al. (1994). Six of these cores have line asymmetries indicative of collapse. The excess of blue-skewed profiles over red-skewed profiles is at least as large as that found in samples of Class 0 and early Class I sources. The observed line profiles have the same narrow linewidths and small peak temperatures predicted for young sources in evolutionary models, but the blue/red ratios, like those of older sources, are higher than models predict. The infall signature also occurs over large scales, suggesting that these cores have overall inward motions. We have divided these starless cores into two groups based on the continuum photometry of Ward-Thompson et al. and our HCO+ data. We find stronger HCO+ emission among the cores detected in the submillimeter and all the blue-skewed line profiles are in this group, supporting the suggestion of Ward-Thompson et al. that these are the pre-protostellar cores.

Large-Area Mapping at 850 Microns. I. Optimum Image Reconstruction from Chop Measurements

We present results on the optimum reconstruction of chop data taken using the Submillimeter Common-User Bolometer Array on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope. Using an artificial data set with known noise properties, we analyze three techniques for constructing images of the sky from the chop data: Emerson Fourier deconvolution, matrix inversion, and maximum entropy reconstruction. We conclude that a matrix inversion formulation via an iterative procedure produces the best image reconstructions. We apply the three reconstruction techniques to produce maps of the calibration point source CRL 618 and the ? Ophiuchi A core at 850 ?m and use Wiener filtering to remove the high-frequency noise component from the matrix inversion method.

First detection of NH3 (10 -g 00) from a low mass cloud core. On the low ammonia abundance of the rho Oph A core

Odin has successfully observed the molecular core rho Oph A in the 572.5 GHz rotational ground state line of ammonia, NH3 (JK = 10 -> 00). The interpretation of this result makes use of compleme ...