Erika Aparecida da Silveira

Fatores relacionados à prevalência de morbidades psiquiátricas menores em mulheres selecionadas em um Centro de Saúde no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

The aim was to investigate factors potentially associated with minor psychiatric disorders, including maternal nutritional status variables. A cohort was studied with 479 women 15-45 years of age. The reduced General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12 items) was applied at nine months post-partum with the 312 women who had completed follow-up. Minor psychiatric disorder was defined as a GHQ score of > or = 4 points and was treated as the response variable. Statistical analysis used hierarchical multivariate logistic regression models. The prevalence of minor psychiatric morbidity was 54.2% (95%CI: 48.6-59.7). According to the final model, the following variables remained statistically associated with minor psychiatric morbidity: level 1: total family income (1st quartile: OR = 2.71, 95%CI: 1.42-5.19; 2nd quartile: OR = 2.13; 95%CI: 1.13-4.04); level 3: body fat > or = 30% (OR = 1.66; 95%CI: 1.03-2.65). In conclusion, low income and obesity were the only factors potentially associated with minor psychiatric disorders, even after adjusting for confounding variables, while there are few studies relating maternal nutritional status and minor psychiatric morbidity.

Total and central obesity in elderly associated with a marker of undernutrition in early life – sitting height-to-stature ratio: A nutritional paradox

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether sitting height‐to‐stature ratio (SHSR) is associated with total and central obesity in the elderly.

Nutrition Therapy for Adults with HIV on ART

This chapter presents evidence on nutrition therapy for adults human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) who are receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) and all the ramifications and targets of this intervention for their complex health status, which includes metabolic abnormalities, cardiovascular risk, gastrointestinal disorders, dyslipidemia, vitamin D deficiency, bone health, immune response, changes in body composition, and lipodystrophy. The effects of dietary intervention and supplementation with a variety of micronutrients such as zinc, selenium, probiotics, vitamins A and D, and multivitamins, among others, with regard to the side effects of ART or the complications of the disease itself are addressed. The results of interventions depend on the stage of disease progression, nutritional status, and ART regimen for each intervention and its dosage. Along with aspects of recent research, the paths to an even more effective nutritional and clinical management are discussed.

Nutritional Treatment Approach for Children with HIV Receiving ART

Estimates indicate that about 3.3 million HIV-positive children aged to 14 years worldwide. The use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) reduces infectious complications and increases the survival of children with HIV, although there is an increase in metabolic abnormalities caused by exposure to ART. Thus, the nutritional therapy should be part of every treatment protocol for HIV-positive children receiving ART and to women exposed to ART during pregnancy, even if they are HIV negative. This chapter discusses the evidence and recommendations for the weaning process, nutritional status, food intake, and use of multivitamins and micronutrients with the aim of maintaining health status and reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Along with a small number of specific research studies on the topic, this chapter will be helpful in thinking about approaches for clinical nutrition, consideration of public policies and actions for the prevention of health issues, and the direction of future research to increase quality of life for this group of children.

Chapter 7 – Nutrition Therapy for HAART-Naïve HIV-Infected Patients

In this chapter, some proposals for nutritional therapy for ART-naive HIV-infected adults are presented and discussed as basic therapeutic support, especially in the context of malnutrition, diarrhea, and micronutrient deficiency. Despite the widespread distribution of ART in certain regions of the world, there are still thousands of people who do not have access to this treatment, mainly in sub-Saharan Africa and resource-limited settings. Thus, this chapter aims to highlight recent studies that indicate conclusive results (or not) regarding the use of multivitamins, minerals such as zinc, selenium, and calcium, vitamins A and D, and even probiotics, bringing ideas and suggestions for advancing knowledge of intervention in HIV/AIDS.

Nutritional Treatment Approach for ART-Naïve HIV-Infected Children

Currently, 90% of children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) live in areas of food insecurity. Depletion of the immune system is caused by inadequate nutritional status, opportunistic infections, and HIV disease progression. Breastfeeding is one approach for minimizing frequent and numerous morbidities, and it should be encouraged even in areas of food insecurity and regions where access to ART is scarce. To facilitate proper treatment of malnutrition or weaning, some formulas are used alone or in addition to daily intake. Vitamins, minerals, and trace elements supplementation are also common strategies for nutritional status recovery, prevention, and treatment of morbidity and immune function improvement. There have been attempts to advance the reproduction of the benefits of breast milk via supplementation with probiotics. Nutritional treatment is the major agent for helping HIV-infected children who exhibit dietary deficiencies.