Erika Tobiašová

Impact of tillage, fertilization and previous crop on chemical properties of luvisol under barley farming system.

In this paper is looked for answers on following questions: 1. Which from crop residues and bio-stimulators more affected basal, potential and relative respiration? 2. Which from crop residues and bio-stimulators more affected the changes of potential and relative respiration dynamics during incubation? Therefore a laboratory experiments were established. In pots were added soil samples of loamy Haplic Chernozems (Ch), the crop residues of winter wheat (WR) and oil rape (RR) and bio-stimulators BETA-LIQ (B) and TRICHOMIL (T) were used. Variants of laboratory experiment were following: Ch, Ch+WR, Ch+WR+B, Ch+WR+T, Ch+RR, Ch+RR+B, Ch+RR-T. During incubation optimal temperature and moisture for decomposition of organic matter were kept. During incubation the basal and potential respiration were determined, and the values of relative respiration were calculated. The crop residues of RR had marked effect on increase the basal and potential respiration and on stability of organic substances as compared to crop residues of WR. Crop residues of WR had more marked effect on decreasing of nitrogen utilization. A higher amount of easy-utilized organic substances was found in variants with applied crop residues of WR as well. Tested bio-stimulators had effect on increase of basal respiration, but their effect was more marked in variants with WR. The effect of bio-stimulators was also very intensive in the end of incubation in variants with crop residues of winter wheat. From tested bio-stimulators B had more marked effect on basal and potential respiration. More easy-utilized organic substances were observed in variant with B as well as B had more marked effect on utilization of carbon and stability of organic substances as compared to T. The crop residues of WR had more marked effect on decrease the potential respiration dynamics than crop residues of RR and from bio-stimulators T, but only in variants with applied crop residues of WR.

QUANTITY AND QUALITY OF SOIL ORGANIC MATTER IN ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATED FARMING SYSTEM

Impact of farming system on the quantity and quality of soil organic matter was studied. The experiment was situated on Haplic Luvisol of Research – experimental base of Slovak University of Agriculture Dolna Malanta, where over a period of 5 years soil samples from ecological (ES) and integrated (IS) farming system were collected. In period of 5 years, on average higher contents of total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (NT) were in ES (1.219%; 1382 mg.kg-1) than in IS (1.121%; 1262 mg.kg-1). TOC content in the ES was on the level of variants with application of farmyard manure, while in the IS it was on the level of non-fertilized variants. The highest contents of TOC and non-labile carbon (CNL) were recorded in 2010 when the previous crops were alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and pea (Pisum sativum). Higher content of CNL was in the ES than in the IS. A positive linear relationship between the amounts of precipitation per year and during the vegetation was observed not only between TOC contents (r = 0.914, P 0.05 and r = 0.971, P 0.01), but also CNL contents (r = 0.880, P 0.05 and r = 0.952, P 0.05). The most stabilized humus substances were in 2007, when the highest average temperature per year and during the vegetation was recorded. In 2010, the lowest amounts of extracted humus substances were recorded, with domination of humic acids. Their stability, however, on the base of colour coefficients of humus substances and humic acids were the lowest from all years. The humus substances were more stabilized in the IS than in the ES.

STABILITY OF ORGANIC MATER OF HAPLIC CHERNOZEM AND HAPLIC LUVISOL OF DIFFERENT ECOSYSTEMS

In this study, the changes in soil organic matter (SOM) and the possibilities of their monitoring in a shorter period of time by means of carbon parameters were followed. The experiment includes four ecosystems (forest, meadow, urban, and agro-ecosystem) on Haplic Chernozem (Mocenok, Horna Kraľova, Trnava) and Haplic Luvisol (Ludanice, Veľke Zalužie, Lovce) of different localities. The objectives of this study were assessment of the differences in the stability of soil organic matter in different ecosystems and in soil types using labile forms of carbon and nitrogen, and also with dependence on particle size distribution. The highest contents of total organic carbon (TOC) and labile carbon (CL) were in a forest ecosystem, but in case of other ecosystems, the differences were determined only in the contents of CL. After forest ecosystem, the highest content of CL was in agro-ecosystem > meadow ecosystem > urban ecosystem. Based on parameter of lability of carbon (LC), the most labile carbon can be evaluated also in the forest ecosystem (0.209) > agro-ecosystem (0.178) > meadow ecosystem (0.119) and urban ecosystem (0.116). In the case of nitrogen, the differences were observed between the soils. Higher contents of NT and NL were recorded in Haplic Chernozen than in Haplic Luvisol. Contents of TOC (P < 0.05; r = -0.480), CNL (P < 0.05; r = -0.480), and NL (P < 0.01; r = -0.545) were in a negative correlation with the content of sand fraction. The values of studied parameters in meadow and urban ecosystems were relatively balanced, because in both cases, the vegetation cover were grass, pointing to a significant influence of vegetation on the parameters of SOM.

Correction to: Changes in forest soil organic matter quality affected by windstorm and wildfire

In the online and published version of this article there was an error in the name of the corresponding author: Maria Jarzykiewicz should be Maria Jerzykiewicz.

Influence of the fractional composition of humus substances on the proportion of water-resistant aggregates.

In this study, the influence of humus substances on soil structure of six soils (Haplic Chernozem, Mollic Fluvisol, Eutric Fluvisol, Rendzic Leptosol, Eutric Cambisol, and Haplic Luvisol) of different ecosystems (forest, meadow, urban, and agro-ecosystem)in Slovakia was compared. The influence of the fractional composition of humus substances on the proportion of the fractions of water-resistant aggregates in different ecosystems was assessed. The fractions of free humic acids and those bound with monovalent cations and mobile R2O3 (r = 0.387; P urban ecosystem > meadow ecosystem > forest ecosystem.

Soil Structure and Soil Organic Matter of Selected Soil Types in Different Ecosystems

In this study, differences in soil structure in different ecosystems (forest, meadow, urban, and agro-ecosystem) and soil types (Haplic Chernozem, Haplic Luvisol, Haplic Stagnosol) with a dependence on the influence of quantity and quality of soil organic matter and the particle size distribution on fraction composition of soil aggregates were compared. Soils had different productive capacity and particle size distribution. The most favourable soil structure was in the agro-ecosystem, then in forest, meadow, and urban ecosystem. The worst soil structure was in Haplic Stagnosol. An important indicator in assessing of ecosystem influence, water-resistant macro-aggregates of the 0.5-1 mm size fraction seems to be. This fraction was the only one which was statistically significantly influenced by the ecosystem, and also the only one which was not statistically significantly influenced by the soil type. This fraction also was not influenced either with the quantity and quality of soil organic matter, or with the particle size distribution. The quantity of soil organic matter is reflected in relation to the fractional composition of dry-sieved aggregates and its quality in relation to waterresistant aggregates. Large fractions of water-resistant macro-aggregates were in positive correlation with C : N ratio, the amount of extracted humus substances, or stability and quality of humic acids; while smaller fractions were in negative correlation just with these parameters. Clay and silt fractions had a positive influence on waterresistant macro-aggregates formation, while sand fraction had negative and vice versa.

Effect of Different Doses of Nutrients on Changes of Soil Organic Matter in Rendzic Leptosol

Abstract The effect of different doses of NPK fertilizer on the changes in quantity and quality of soil organic matter (SOM) in Rendzic Leptosol was evaluated. Soil samples were taken from three treatments of different fertilization: (1) control - without fertilization, (2) NPK 1 - doses of NPK fertilizer in 1st degree intensity for vine, and (3) NPK 3 - doses of NPK fertilizer in 3rd degree intensity for vine in the vineyard. Soil samples were collected in years 2008-2011 during the spring. The higher dose of NPK fertilizer (3rd degree intensity of vineyards fertilization) was responsible for the higher content of labile carbon (by 21% in 0-0.3 m and by 11% as average of the two depths 0-0.3 m and 0.3-0.6 m). However, by application of a higher dose of NPK (1.39%) in comparison to no fertilizer treatment (1.35%) or NPK 1 (1.35%) the tendency of total organic carbon content increase and hot-water soluble carbon decrease were determined. Fertilization had a negative effect on SOM stability. Intensity of fertilization affected the changes in quantity and quality of SOM; therefore it is very important to pay attention to the quantity and quality of organic matter in productive vineyards.