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Archive | 2018

The Application of Persuasion Theory to Placebo Effects

Andrew L. Geers; Pablo Briñol; Erin A. Vogel; Olivia Aspiras; Fawn C. Caplandies; Richard E. Petty

Placebo effects, or positive outcomes resulting from expectations about a treatment, are powerful components of modern medical care. In this chapter, we suggest that our understanding of placebo effects may benefit from more explicitly connecting this phenomenon to the existing empirical psychological literature on persuasion. Persuasion typically involves an attempt to bring about a change in beliefs or attitudes as a result of providing information on a topic. We begin by providing a brief overview of the psychological literature on placebo effects. We then point to connections between this literature and research on persuasive communication. Although some links have been made, these initial connections have predominantly relied on classic theories of persuasion rather than on more contemporary and comprehensive models. Next, we describe a modern theory of persuasion that may facilitate the study of placebo effects and analyze two issues pertinent to the literature on placebo effects from the lens of this model. Specifically, we consider how and when characteristics of a practitioner (e.g., variables such as perceptions of a practitioners confidence or competence) can influence the magnitude of placebo effects, and how modern persuasion theory can help in understanding the durability of placebo effects over time. We conclude that examining placebo effects as an outcome of persuasive communication would be a fruitful line of future research.


Journal of Social Psychology | 2018

Transformation Tuesday: Temporal Context and Post Valence Influence the Provision of Social Support on Social Media

Erin A. Vogel

ABSTRACT Social network sites (SNSs) such as Facebook have become integral in the development and maintenance of interpersonal relationships. Users of SNSs seek social support and validation, often using posts that illustrate how they have changed over time. The purpose of the present research is to examine how the valence and temporal context of an SNS post affect the likelihood of other users providing social support. Participants viewed hypothetical SNS posts and reported their intentions to provide social support to the users. Results revealed that participants were more likely to provide social support for posts that were positive and included temporal context (i.e., depicted improvement over time; Study 1). Furthermore, this research suggests that visual representations of change over time are needed to elicit social support (Study 2). Results are discussed in terms of their practical implications for SNS users and theoretical implications for the literature on social support and social media.


Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment | 2018

Associations between marijuana use and tobacco cessation outcomes in young adults

Erin A. Vogel; Mark L. Rubinstein; Judith J. Prochaska; Danielle E. Ramo

Marijuana and tobacco co-use is common among young adults, and findings are mixed regarding the association between marijuana use and smoking cessation outcomes. This study examined the longitudinal relationships between marijuana use and smoking cessation outcomes among young adults (aged 18-25 years; N = 500) enrolled in a 3-month smoking cessation intervention on Facebook. At baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months, participants reported their marijuana use and their smoking behaviors (seven-day point prevalence abstinence from smoking, cigarettes per day, quit attempts) and readiness to quit. Longitudinal analyses controlled for experimental condition and adjusted for baseline stage of change, baseline average cigarettes per day, sex, alcohol use, and age participants began smoking regularly. Use of marijuana by young adult smokers was associated with a lower likelihood of reduced smoking (OR = 0.71, 95% CI [0.51, 0.98], p = .036) and a lower likelihood of abstaining from smoking (OR = 0.56, 95% CI [0.35, 0.90], p = .017) in the past seven days, as assessed over 12 months of follow-up. Use of marijuana was not significantly associated with perceptions of or engagement in the smoking cessation intervention, stage of change for quitting smoking, or tobacco quit attempts (all ps > 0.08). Study findings indicate that while marijuana use is unrelated to motivation to quit tobacco and engage in cessation interventions, marijuana use is associated with less success in reducing and abstaining from tobacco. Additional support and targeted tobacco cessation strategies to address challenges associated with marijuana co-use may be needed.


Basic and Applied Social Psychology | 2017

Perceptions of Perfection: The Influence of Social Media on Interpersonal Evaluations

Erin A. Vogel; Jason P. Rose

ABSTRACT Through social network sites such as Facebook, people gain information about acquaintances that they would not gain from everyday life. This information typically highlights the most positive aspects of people’s personalities and lives. The goal of this investigation was to determine whether looking at another user’s Facebook profile influences perceptions of that individual’s socially desirable characteristics (e.g., intelligence, attractiveness). One group of participants viewed an acquaintance’s Facebook profile before providing evaluations, and the other evaluated the person without viewing Facebook. Results revealed that participants who viewed another person’s Facebook profile evaluated that person more favorably than those who completed a control task (Study 1) or wrote about the person from memory (Study 2). Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.


Psychology of popular media culture | 2014

Social comparison, social media, and self-esteem.

Erin A. Vogel; Jason P. Rose; Lindsay Roberts; Katheryn Eckles


Personality and Individual Differences | 2015

Who compares and despairs? The effect of social comparison orientation on social media use and its outcomes

Erin A. Vogel; Jason P. Rose; Bradley M. Okdie; Katheryn Eckles; Brittany Franz


Translational Issues in Psychological Science | 2016

Self-reflection and interpersonal connection: Making the most of self-presentation on social media.

Erin A. Vogel; Jason P. Rose


Sexuality and Culture | 2016

The Influence of Early Experiences and Adult Attachment on the Exhibition of the Sexual Double Standard

Yuliana Zaikman; Erin A. Vogel; Amanda M. Vicary; Michael J. Marks


Journal of Behavioral Decision Making | 2017

Comparative Optimism and Event Skewness

Jason P. Rose; Olivia Aspiras; Erin A. Vogel; Heather M. Haught; Lindsay Roberts


Drug and Alcohol Dependence | 2018

Prevalence and correlates of adolescents’ e-cigarette use frequency and dependence

Erin A. Vogel; Danielle E. Ramo; Mark L. Rubinstein

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Amanda M. Vicary

Illinois Wesleyan University

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