Ernani Clarete da Silva

Concentração de nutrientes e produção do tomateiro podado e adensado em função do uso de fósforo, de gesso e de fontes de nitrogênio

This research was carried out at Lavras, Minas Gerais State (Brazil) in 1997. The objective was to study nutrient absorption by tomato plants pruned and grown under high planting density over different gypsum, P2O5 rates and different N and P sources. The yield was also analyzed, considering conventional planting systems. The experimental design was of complete randomized blocks with four replications in a factorial scheme 3 x 4 with three rates of P2O5 triple superphosphate (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 t/ha) and four rates of gypsum (0.3, 0.6, 0.9 and 1.2 t/ha). Four additional treatments were included about planting system and soil fertilization. A linear increase was observed on the commercial tomato yield with the increasing of P2O5 rates whereas linear decreasing was observed with the increasing of gypsum rates. The production up to 149.2 t/ha was obtained with plants pruned and grown under high planting density. The lower production, 91 t/ha (pruned plants) and 63.2 t/ha (not pruned plants), was obtained using ammonium sulfate (N source) and single superphosphate (P source). Leaf P contents, with values around 3.0 a 1.7 g/kg, decreased with the increase of gypsum rates. The lower leaf P content was observed in the additional treatment with ammonium sulfate and single superphosphate. The mean value of magnesium contents was 4.7 g/kg without statistically significant differences considering gypsum and P2O5 treatments. Otherwise values of magnesium contents around 3.0 g/kg were found under additional treatments, statistically different when compared to the treatments above mentioned. The observed Cu values of 79.4 mg/kg in another additional treatment using urea as N source, and triple superphosphate as P source was statistically different with values of 120.6 g/kg, observed in the first additional treatment. Leaf Cu contents also increased with the increase of gypsum rates. Its was concluded that high levels of fertilizers with sulfur can inhibit P uptake mainly in high planting density. Reduction of number of fruits per plant by pruning associated with high planting density can increase the yield.

Effect of the storage time and temperature on phenolic compounds of sorghum grain and flour.

This study evaluated the effect of storage temperature (4, 25 and 40°C) and time on the color and contents of 3-deoxyanthocyanins, total anthocyanins, total phenols and tannins of sorghum stored for 180days. Two genotypes SC319 (grain and flour) and TX430 (bran and flour) were analyzed. The SC319 flour showed luteolinidin and apigeninidin contents higher than the grain and the TX430 bran had the levels of all compounds higher than the flour. The storage temperature did not affect most of the analyzed variables. The content of most of the compounds reduced during the first 60days when they became stable. At day 180, the retention of the compounds in the genotypes SC319 and TX430 ranged from 56.1-77.9% and 67.3-80.1% (3-deoxyanthocyanins), 88.4-93.8% and 84.6-96.8% (total anthocyanins) and 86.7-86.8 and 89.4-100% (phenols) respectively. The retention of tannins ranged from 56.6 to 85.3%. The color of samples remained stable for 120days.

Produção de minitubérculos a partir de brotos de batata em diferentes combinações de substratos

Several types of substrates were evaluated for seed-potato minituber production of three cultivars, using sprouts as a propagation material. The experimental design was of randomized blocks distributed on a 7x3 factorial model containing three replicates of each treatment. Seven substrate types were evaluated: (1) autoclaved soil; (2) autoclaved soil + Plantmax (2:1); (3) autoclaved soil + coconut fiber (2:1); (4) coconut fiber; (5) Plantmax; (6) Plantmax + carbonized rice shell (2:1); and (7) vermiculite and the potato cultivars Asterix, Monalisa and Agata. The substrates Plantmax and coconut fiber and the sprouts originated from the tree potato cultivars are viable for this propagation type.

Dinâmica de cátions na raiz e folhas de berinjela cultivada sobre doses crescentes de potássio oriundas de duas fontes

This study was conducted at the Department of Plant Production, Sector Horticulture, UNESP - Botucatu, SP, Brazil, in order to assess the dynamics of cationic nutrients in roots and leaves and effects on dry matter production of roots and shoots in eggplant grown on conditions of increasing doses of potassium from two distinct sources (KCl and K2SO4). The experiment was arranged in randomized blocks in factorial 2 x 4 (two sources of potassium, KCl and K2SO4 and four doses of each source equivalent, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 kg ha-1 K2O) comprising eight treatments with three replicates. For the experiment we used Oxisol medium texture (615 g of sand, silt 45 g and 340 g clay per kg soil). The characteristics evaluated were: soil electrical conductivity, mass of shoot and root material, content and ratio of K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ in roots and leaves of eggplant. We conclude that excessive doses of sources of K2O affected the production of dry matter of roots and shoots, as well as electrical conductivity. The accumulation and the relationship of Ca2+/K+, Mg2+/K+ were affected by increased K+ concentration; K2SO4 was the fertilizer that was less damaging

Characterization of two types of azedinha in the region of Sete Lagoas, Brazil

Azedinha (Rumex acetosa) is a vegetable crop species consumed in natura in salads and pertains to the group of non-conventional vegetables. These rustic plants are often considered weeds plants. There exist two types of native azedinha in the Sete Lagoas region, Minas Gerais state, Brazil, that are usually grown in family gardens and here denominated Type I and Type II. In this study we characterized the morphologic, physic-chemical and chromatic characteristic of these two types of azedinha. The study was carried out in randomized complete blocks with four replications in dependences of the EPAMIG (Non-Conventional Vegetable Bank) in Prudente de Morais, Brazil. Plants were trained to the point of harvest, 90 days after the planting of seedlings, when they were harvested for analysis. We evaluated the characteristics on the leaves: weight, length, width, number of veins, width/length ratio, transverse and longitudinal diameter of the base of the petiole and longitudinal and transverse diameter ratio of the base of the petiole. We also evaluated the contents of macro and micronutrients and chemical characteristics of the plant. There are significant differences between the assessed characteristics between azedinha types I and II. We concluded that the plants probably belong to two different varieties.

Herança do formato do fruto em tomateiro do grupo cereja

The tomato fruit shape is a result of action of various gene loci that can act in several ways: alone, with pleiotropic effects or interacting with each other or with genes responsible for the fruit weight. According to this, the study of the inheritance of this characteristic, very important for the improvement of the species, is complex and difficult to implement. This work was carried out at the Horticultural and Experimentation Section of Jose do Rosario Vellano University, during the period of July 2003 through March, 2005 with the objective to determine the fruit shape of the cherry tomato plant. Two wild genotype contrasting tomato plants were utilised with the fruit shape: long fruit shape (LF) and round fruit shape (RF). Reciprocal crosses and backcross were realised and the fruit shape was evaluated in the generations origininated from these crosses. All plants of the F1 generation produced round shape fruit. In the F2 generation, 111 plants produced round fruit shape and 47 plants produced long fruit shape. On the backcross generation (F1 x LF) 47 plants produced round fruit shape and 42 plants produced long fruit shape. These results when analysed by chi square, confirmed Mendelian segregation 3:1 and 1:1 respectively. It was concluded that the studied fruit shape has monogenic inheritance. The allele that determines fruit round shape has complete dominance over the allele that determines elongated shape fruit with possible action of the sun locus.

Técnica hidropônica para triagem de genótipos de tomateiro quanto à eficiência de absorção de fósforo

Phosphorus (P) is the most limiting nutrient to plant growth and development in acidic soils of tropical and subtropical regions. The objective of this study was to establish a nutrient solution (hydroponics) technique for screening of tomato genotypes for efficiency of phosphorus absorption. An area of 160 m2 within a protective structure covered with 150 micron polyethylene film was used, with masonry-built channels 20 cm wide x 15 cm in height spaced 0.80 m apart. The experimental setup was a split plot design with factorial treatments and four replications. Plots comprised two concentrations of P in nutrient solution (0.50 and 60 ppm), whereas subplots comprised two tomato genotypes with contrasting P absorption efficiencies [PI 121665 (efficient, crt/crt) and TOM-598 (crt+/crt+)]. After this test, the two genotypes were again grown in a completely randomized experimental design with four replications, under the same structure, under concentration of 0.20 ppm P in nutrient solution. We evaluated the fresh mass of aboveground part, dry mass of aboveground part, fresh mass of root, dry mass of root and length, area and volume from the root. The hydroponic technique was effective to screen tomato genotypes for resistance or tolerance to phosphorus deficiency. The concentration of 0.50 ppm P in nutrient solution in NFT hydroponic system was suitable for this purpose.

Composição fitoquímica e potencial antioxidante de hortaliças não convencionais

Sao denominadas hortalicas nao convencionais as especies vegetais presentes em determinadas localidades ou regioes, mas que aos poucos foram esquecidas e desvalorizadas. Em virtude das mudancas no comportamento alimentar, o consumo destas hortalicas foi reduzido causando perdas economicas, sociais e culturais. O resgate deste consumo e de grande importância, visando a preservacao da biodiversidade brasileira, os beneficios nutricionais, assim como novas fontes de antioxidantes naturais para a industria alimenticia. Avaliou-se a composicao fitoquimica de especies vegetais denominadas hortalicas nao convencionais: beldroega (Portulaca oleracea), bertalha (Basella rubra), caruru (Amaranthus viridis), peixinho (Stachis lanata) e azedinha (Rumex acetosa), bem como o seu potencial alimentar com base no ranquemento do valor dessas caracteristicas. Com relacao aos minerais avaliados, o caruru apresentou os maiores teores de nitrogenio, calcio, magnesio, enxofre e ferro. O maior conteudo de compostos fenolicos foi detectado em peixinho, assim como a menor concentracao de taninos condensados (0,14 Eag/g de extrato). Quanto aos carotenoides totais, caruru apresentou a maior concentracao, mas o conteudo de β-caroteno foi maior em peixinho, azedinha tipo I e bertalha. O extrato metanolico de peixinho apresentou forte capacidade de sequestro do radical livre. A maior percentagem de proteina foi detectada na azedinha (tipos I e II). Concluiu-se que os teores de componentes proteicos, minerais e compostos bioativos encontrados nessas hortalicas, caracterizam-nas pelo seu elevado potencial nutricional, podendo o seu consumo regular trazer beneficios a saude humana.

Uso de reguladores de crescimento em brotos destacados de batata-semente

The seed potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) are considered a key factor to ensure high productivity, quality of the tuber and a good harvest. This study was carried out at the University Jose Rosario Vellano (UNIFENAS), Alfenas, Minas Gerais state, Brazil, from September 2007 until September 2008 in three distinct and sequential stages. The objective was to study the effect of growth regulators applied on: (1) sprouts detached from seed-potato tubers on minituber yield, (2) sprouting minituber and (3) marketable yield originated from minitubers. Potato sprouts used were detached from seed potatoes tubers (virus free), cultivar Bintje, originated from an experimental import of sprouts from Alaska (USA), with two sizes: large sprouts (average of 25 cm) and small sprouts (average of 13 cm) and growth regulators IBA, GA3, BAP and 2,4D. The experimental design for all experiments was of randomized blocks in a factorial scheme 5x2 with three replications. The number of minitubers produced in the first stage originated from large sprouts varied significantly from 3.1 (GA3) to 7.7 (IBA) and 2.3 (IBA) to 7.9 (control), small prouts, while the weight varied from 7.5 g (GA3) to 10.6 g (IBA), large sprouts and 3.4 g (IBA) to 12.3 g (control), small sprouts. The minitubers did not show significant differences for the time of shooting which occurred within seven to eight days. Marketable production originated from minitubers varied significantly from 12.06 t ha-1 (GA3) to 29.51 t ha-1 (AIB), large sprouts and 22.11 t ha-1 (BAP) to 30.35 t ha-1 (control), small sprout. Sprouts from seed-potato tubers cv Bintje, can be used for seed tuber production and should not be treated with growth regulators. Small sprouts, detached from seed potatoes, cultivar Bintje, without treatment, should be preferred for the production of seed-potato minitubers.

Agronomic performance of mini-tomato hybrids from dwarf lines

Little is known about the commercial potential of mini-tomato hybrids obtained from one dwarf parent. Thus, our objective was to evaluate the agronomic performance of mini-tomato hybrids obtained by crossing a dwarf line (A) with normal lines with indeterminate (I), determinate (D) and semi-determinate (SD) growth habits. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Estacao Experimental de Hortalicas at the Universidade Federal de Uberlândia-UFU in Monte Carmelo, Brazil. The experiment was completely randomized with 17 treatments and four repetitions. The genetic material consisted of 16 experimental mini-tomato hybrids from the tomato germplasm bank at UFU, and a commercial hybrid (Mascot) as a control. The following variables were used to evaluate agronomic performance: fruit weight (g); number of fruits plant-1; productivity (kg plant-1); number of bunches plant-1; number of fruits bunch-1; stem diameter (mm); distance between first bunch and soil (cm); internode length (cm) and total soluble solids (°Brix). The growth habit of the parents influenced the performance of the hybrids. In general, the mini-tomato hybrids from dwarf lines differed from the control with respect to all variables except number of fruits plant-1, number of fruits bunch-1 and stem diameter. On average, hybrids from dwarf lines showed higher productivity (20%), shorter internodes (11%) and a shorter distance between the first bunch and the ground (30%), relative to the control. Using dwarf lines to obtain mini-tomato hybrids was shown to be viable since the hybrids demonstrated better agronomic performance.