Ernesto Cortés Castell

RELACIÓN ENTRE VARIABLES ANTROPOMÉTRICAS Y DISMORFIA MUSCULAR EN GIMNASTAS DE LA PROVINCIA DE ALICANTE

OBJECTIVE It shows a new study that examines if the anthropometric measurements can be used to classify the muscle dysmorphia (MD), in gymnasts who attend fitness room. METHODOLOGY Gymnasts were analyzed several weights rooms of Alicante (urban area of southeastern Spain), where the measurements were 141 males aged between 18-45 years, aiming to enhance their muscle mass. We had in mind the calculation of BMI (kg/m2), the somatotype (endomorphy, mesomorphy and ectomorphy) and have been classified potential cases of muscle dysmorphia, using the Muscle appareance satisfaction escale. RESULTS The sample was composed of 68 normoweight; 66 overweight and 7 obese, classified as MD in a 25.0% the normoweight, 33.3% overweight and 85.7% of the obese (p=0.004 ). On the somatotype, the only component that presents differences between non-MD and MD is mesomorphy (p=0.024). CONCLUSION Muscle dysmorphia is a concept clearly difficult psychological diagnosable using anthropometric measures. Mesomorphy is the only measure that is increased in the MD, and may be a parameter to aid in the diagnosis and follow-up to the MD. In addition, the risk of developing MD is increase with the degree of obesity.

Actividad antiinflamatoria de un extracto polifenólico de hueso de olivas en la línea celular de monocitos humanos THP1-XBLUE-CD14

UNLABELLED The aim of this study was to assess the anti-inflammatory activity of a polyphenolic extract from olive pits. MATERIAL AND METHODS The THP1-XBlue-CD14 (invivogen) cellular line, 80,000 cells/well, was incubated and inflammation (activation of NF-kb) was produced with 0.1 mg/mL of LPS (lipopolysaccharide from E. coli) for 24 hours. We assessed the presence of the extract (10 and 50 mg/L, biologically safe concentrations) for 2 hours at 37º C, before (preventive effect) and after (therapeutic effect) the proinflammatory activation, and the activity of alkaline phosphatase, which is expressed under the control of the NF-kb transcriptional factor, was quantified by colorimetry. The percentage of activity of NF-kb as preventive effect and therapeutic effect was assessed by comparing it to control cultures of cells with LPS and without extract, which are considered 100% of NF-kb. RESULTS The preventive anti-inflammatory capacity of the extract at 50 mg/L was 25.5% (95% CI: 16.8-34.2) and the therapeutic effect 34.9% (95% CI: 25.3-44.4) for the same concentration, without any significant activity at 10 mg/L. CONCLUSION An activity of polyphenols extracted from olive pits is shown, both in preventing inflammation and therapeutically eliminating inflammation through inhibition of NF-kB factor previously activated by LPS at concentrations of 50 mg/L of polyphenols, which previously haven been shown to be safe.

PRESIÓN SISTÓLICA, OBESIDAD ABDOMINAL Y GRASA CORPORAL, PREDICTORES DEL SÍNDROME METABÓLICO EN PREESCOLARES ESPAÑOLES

OBJECTIVE The aim of this paper is to determine the presence of metabolic syndrome predictors in 2-to-7- year-old children according to nutrition state. METHOD A descriptive study with quantitative analysis was conducted in 260 2-to-7-year-old children (135 girls and 125 boys), 66% of the total census. Anthropometric parameters and blood pressure were measured and BMI, body fat by Hoffman and waist-to-height ratio (ICT) were calculated. Subgroups according BMI Z-Score by age and gender (low weight, normal weight, overweight and obesity), body fat (normal and excess), ICT (normal and abdominal obesity) and systolic pressure (normotensive and hypertensive by age and gender) were performed. BMI Z-Score classification was primary endpoint used. RESULTS Combined prevalence of overweight and obesity was 27%, with no difference by sex. Nutritional state was significantly associated with blood pressure, body fat and abdominal obesity as waist-to-height ratio. Higher percentage of obese children had high systolic blood pressure versus normal weight children (OR = 4.1; 95% CI 1.7-9.8; p <0.001). Higher hypertension risk was found in abdominal obesity group (OR = 84.4, 95% CI 17.8-194.0; p <0.001). ICT correlates with groups of systolic blood pressure (p <0.001). Distribution by ICT is consistent with the BMI Z-Score ones, increasing abdominal obesity with BMI (in 96.8% of obese match both criteria). CONCLUSION A direct relation between overweight and obesity with hypertension, body fat and abdominal obesity in preschoolers is presented. It is showed the validity of accessible anthropometric (ICT and body fat percentage) to study metabolic syndrome risk factors.

Efecto sobre el neurodesarrollo y neuroprotección en pez cebra de un extracto polifenólico de huesos de aceituna

OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of a polyphenolic extract from olive pit on the development of the nervous system as well as its effect on pain induced by the neurotoxin kainic acid, taking the zebrafish as the animal model. MATERIAL AND METHODS We analyse the effect of the extract at the maximum tolerated dose (100 mg/ml of polyphenols) on the cholinergic activity in zebrafish larvae (72 hours post-fertilization). Only fecundated eggs with no abnormalities are used. 6 eggs/bowl are incubated in a 24 bowls microplate in 2 ml of water with DMSO (0.1%) at 26 ± 1º C: a) neurodevelopment: water (control) and 100 mg/ml of extract, as an essay; b) neuroprotection: water and kainic acid (100 μM) (control) and 100 mg/ml of extract (essay). All incubations are in triplicate. After 72 h, incubations are examined and checked for any abnormalities. Larvae are homogenized and acetyl cholinesterase activity and protein concentration in supernatants is quantified. RESULTS The quantity of protein and the morphologic appreciation is similar in all the essays, showing a standard development. Acetyl cholinesterase in fish larvae, with the polyphenolic extract is 162.2% (SD 44.2) compared to controls (100% of activity) (p < 0.01). Fish larvae treated with kainic acid and polyphenolic acid show 140.1% (SD 22.0) of activity, compared to those only incubated with the neurotoxin (100%) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Polyphenols extracted from olive pit produce an increase in the cholinergic activity during the larvae neurodevelopment in the zebrafish as well as protection against the neurotoxin kainic acid.

FACTORES PREDICTORES DE PÉRDIDA DE PESO Y GRASA EN EL TRATAMIENTO DIETÉTICO: SEXO, EDAD, ÍNDICE DE MASA CORPORAL Y CONSULTA DE ASISTENCIA

UNLABELLED WL%: percentage of weight loss; % FL: percentage fat loss; PNLWF: patients who lose weight or fat; PLWF: patients who lose weight and fat. OBJECTIVE assess whether the% WL and FL% in the dietary treatment was affected by gender, age, BMI and assistance to the query. METHOD 4,700 consultations, 670 patients (BMI ≥25), in the south-east of Spain (2006-12). Balanced and hypo-caloric diet was used. Two types of patients: PNLWF and PLWF (91.9%). RESULTS in PLWF, men and those attending a greater number of occasions to the consultation have shown a greater loss against women (%FL: 23.0 vs 14.3%, p = 0.000; %WL: 7.7 vs 6.6%, p = 0.020), and those who attend less frequently (%FL: 19.1 vs 7.3%, p = 0.000; %WL: 7.8 vs 2.9%, p = 0.000). Multinomial regression analysis (PNLWF / PLWF) indicates that only attend more than one and a half to the consultation is a factor in the loss, OR 8.3 (IC 95% 4.5-15.1; p = 0.000). CONCLUSION the body fat measurement provides additional information lost weight; Most patients attend more than six weeks, obtained a high %FL; attendance is a predictor of loss; the %FL indicates that the dietary management plays a major role in the resolution of this pathology; It is recommended to design practical schemes of action process nutritionists according to the IMCI and variable.

Valoración de la dieta de usuarios de sala de musculación con dismorfia muscular (vigorexia)

OBJECTIVE it is an innovative study where has been analyzed the diet among gym users with Muscle Dysmorphia (MD) of gyms in the province of Alicante. METHODOLOGY it have been analyzed 141 male gymnasts of several gyms of Alicante (urban area of southeastern Spanish) aged between 18-45 years old, who purpose increasing their muscle mass. Were considered BMI (kg/m2) and 24 hour diet. And it has been determined whether or not suffer MD trough Muscle Appearance Satisfaction Scale. RESULTS the sample consisted of 141 men, of whom 45 are MD and 96 are not according to Muscle Appearance Satisfaction. Protein intake was calculated and was greater than 1.5 g/kg/day in patients without MD and greater than 2 g/kg/day in the MD group. Analyzing the other nutrients, results show that the proportion of carbohydrates and fats and their percentages by degree of instauration are within the recommendations except cholesterol which exceeds and the amount of dietary fiber that is slightly lower. In relation to micronutrients are within the recommendations in all cases except iodine which is slightly lower in MD. CONCLUSION individuals with MD do a balanced energy and adequate carbohydrate and fat diet, however protein intake values exceed the limits proposed according to the scientific evidence for muscle mass development in strength sports.

The variability in adherence to dietary treatment and quality of weight loss: overweight and obesity

OBJECTIVE Observation of weight loss and the maximum time that individualized dietary treatment qualitative and quantitative is shown to be effective. METHOD 4625 consultations were conducted with 616 patients over 25 years old, in the nutrition consultation, using the qualitative and quantitative individualized dietary treatment. As a result we controlled the weight loss, the fat and the quality and variability of the loss, monthly according to sex, age and BMI in an urban area of southeastern Spain. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A low level of abandonment was proved in men, patients older than 45 years old compared to obese showed a higher degree. The quality of the loss was greater in men under 45 years old, overweight patients, however, more research is needed in this area. Measuring the waist and hips has led to an increasing interest in measuring indicators of body fat. CONCLUSION The individualized dietary treatment has been proved to be effective for six months and then a multidisciplinary mode of this treatment is recommended. The use of new ways to assess weight loss is proposed taking into consideration the quality and variability of loss, regardless of the treatment used.

Estimation of body fat among 2-to-7-year-old Spanish children by different skinfolds equations and waist-to-height ratio

INTRODUCTION It seems relevant to analyze the body composition in the early childhood. However, there is not an agreement in the protocol to assess body composition in this age range/group. OBJECTIVE To determine the most useful equation to estimate the body fat percentage that preschool children contain and the utility of the waist-to-height ratio to determine abdominal obesity. METHODS We measured (weight, height, waist circumference and skinfolds) in 285 children aged 2 to 7 years old. BMI Z-Score, waist-to-height ratio and body fat percentage were estimated by Brook and Lukaski, Siri, Goran, Slaughter, Deurenberg, Huang, Dezenberg and Hoffman equations. RESULTS It was found 26% combined overweight and obesity, with similar distribution in both sexes. The body fat obtained with the Hoffman equation (15.6-31.9%) showed the highest correlation with children BMI Z-Score. Waist-to-height ratio also presented a good relationship with children weight status. There were not significant differences between gender and body fat percentage or waist-to-height ratio. CONCLUSIONS Hoffman equation and waist-to-height ratio could be adequate to estimate body fat percentage and abdominal obesity respectively in Spanish preschool children from medium-low socioeconomic status.

LA VARIABILIDAD EN LA ADHERENCIA AL TRATAMIENTO DIETÉTICO Y LA CALIDAD DE LA PÉRDIDA DE PESO: EL SOBREPESO Y LA OBESIDAD

OBJECTIVE Observation of weight loss and the maximum time that individualized dietary treatment qualitative and quantitative is shown to be effective. METHOD 4625 consultations were conducted with 616 patients over 25 years old, in the nutrition consultation, using the qualitative and quantitative individualized dietary treatment. As a result we controlled the weight loss, the fat and the quality and variability of the loss, monthly according to sex, age and BMI in an urban area of southeastern Spain. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A low level of abandonment was proved in men, patients older than 45 years old compared to obese showed a higher degree. The quality of the loss was greater in men under 45 years old, overweight patients, however, more research is needed in this area. Measuring the waist and hips has led to an increasing interest in measuring indicators of body fat. CONCLUSION The individualized dietary treatment has been proved to be effective for six months and then a multidisciplinary mode of this treatment is recommended. The use of new ways to assess weight loss is proposed taking into consideration the quality and variability of loss, regardless of the treatment used.