Ernesto Echeverría Valiente

A research tool for energy efficiency, the drawing

Energy efficiency has become one of the major challenges of the 21st century, affecting architecture directly, both of new construction and rehabilitation. Computer simulations that analyze the energy behavior of buildings throughout their life cycle are an essential element to evaluate the proposed designs. However, there are great diversity of programs and criteria for calculation and evaluation, ranging from calculation programs that only accept numerical inputs, to those that analyze buildings from its volumetric, spatial, shape, and constructive nature, obtained from the details of its graphic documentation, mostly digital.

New Times, New Needs. Tradition and Technology in Drawing Teachings

The research analyze some of interactions between the digital and the analogue worlds that are current affairs in graphic teachings, by exploring the seek points and the particularities of each modus operandi. A situation that is not only present in our student’s assignments, but also in our own education and daily work. In particular, it analyses those methods saddled between the digital technologies and the manual means, as photography, mapping, sketching and modeling, and how they all merge together, forming integrated visual communication systems.

Drawing and Mathematics. An Integrated Teaching

In 2011 it was started, at the School of Architecture of Alcala, a new course called: Taller de Dibujo II. Its main goal was to convey the importance of studying an architectural object from different points of view. The link would be the geometry, the coordinated subjects: design and mathematics. Teachers from both departments began an integrating task. They had two different ways of understanding teaching. It would be a subject in constant evolution. So we started an educational innovation project, which is ongoing (UAH/EV519). In the last ten years the importance of the parameterization has grown significantly in fields like design, engineering and architecture. Our School of architecture implemented an interdisciplinary group that was able to introduce these new skills. “The rigorous parameterization requires the assimilation of concepts much closer to mathematic geometry and software programming” (Coloma and Mesa in Revista EGA 19:200, 2012). But some experiences around the subject have put their emphasis on tools, neglecting, in our opinion, the methodological basis. Although traditional teaching materials are not fully useful to this new subject, accumulated experiences are very valuable. Grassa-Miranda and Gimenez (Revista EGA 15:156, 2010) regarding the traditional teaching of geometry states that “The grammar or guiding principles of the Spanish sistema diedrico uses the projective schema of a model to build the student’s spatial thinking, while the Anglo-Saxon direct method relies on the reconstruction of a mental image of the geometric configuration” In a similar way, we considered the importance of the object opposite to the system, or the process. Therefore, the starting points of our methodology are the works of architecture and engineering. Objects with a complex geometry, especially those which curves and surfaces are able to be parameterized. The curve and surface become that way, protagonists of the experience. The next step is to thoroughly analyze through operations of modification and intersection. A good analysis of a work with a complex geometry, involves the preliminary study of the project and the knowledge of the difficulties and intentions of the author. Often the most interesting geometric designs arise from the need of finding creative solutions for complex problems with the most simple and balance response, as a whole. Many of the works built by Torroja, Candela, Dieste, Maillart, Isler, Freyssinet, Frei Otto, Fisac and many others, show that the study of the object cannot be limited to the representation of form. In this article we will show our experience and several possibilities to develop about the subject. We will describe the overall strategy and present some concrete exercises defining our scope. Finally we will propose several alternatives for further applications in future editions of the course.