Ernst Karner
University of Vienna
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Archive | 2009
Ernst Karner
Questions of burden of proof do not always lie in the focus of interest and are at times neglected when the substantive legal position is investigated. However, experienced lawyers in particular know that a case frequently fails not because of highly complicated legal problems but instead because a party cannot convince the judge of those facts that support their case.1 The question as to what conclusion the judge will draw is, of course, firstly a question of free consideration of evidence. Properly, this also includes prima facie evidence (Anscheinsbeweis),2 which is premised on how certain sequences of events are typical on the basis of experience; such justifies for instance the association made between the carelessly discarded banana skin and the fall as a result of slipping.3 Suchlike prima facie evidence is also well-known to the common law (res ipsa loquitur), indeed the common law was probably the model for the German law in this respect.4 Byrne v. Boadle is an example of a leadin g case: the claimant was injured by a barrel of flour which fell from the window of the defendant’s house onto the street. The court held that this spoke for the defendant’s fault, observing succinctly: “Barrels do not usually fall out of windows unless there has been want of care”.5 In such cases then, his life experience helps the judge with his task.6 Only when the means of free consideration of the evidence have been exhausted, in other words when there is lack of proof, does the question of burden of proof arise. Rosenberg expressed this very picturesquely: the place where the kingdom of consideration of evidence ends is the beginning of the dominion of burden of proof; if the judge has crossed over this without being able to find a judgment, then the burden of proof will supply him with what free consideration of evidence has failed to give him.7
Archive | 2007
Bernhard A. Koch; Ernst Karner
Das ABGB fasst im Abschnitt uber die Glucksvertrage so unterschiedliche Vertragstypen wie Wette, Spiel, Los (§§ 1270–1274), Hoffnungskauf (§§ 1275 f), Erbschaftskauf (§§ 1278–1283), Leibrentenvertrag (§§ 1284–1286), den Vertrag uber gesellschaftliche Versorgungsanstalten (§ 1287) sowie den Versicherungs- (§§ 1288–1291) und Bodmereivertrag (§ 1292) zusammen. Allen diesen Vertragen ist ein gewisses aleatorisches Element (§ 1267: „Hoffnung eines noch ungewissen Vorteils“) gemeinsam. Wahrend bei Wette, Spiel und Los aber ausschlieslich der Zweck verfolgt wird, Gewinn und Verlust vom Ausgang eines ungewissen Ereignisses abhangig zu machen (Glucksvertrage im engen Sinn), ihr wirtschaftlicher Zweck also im Eingehen eines Wagnisses besteht (Wolff/K V 982), wird mit den Glucksvertragen im weiten Sinn durchaus planvoll ein sonstiger wirtschaftlicher Zweck verfolgt, so eine Risikostreuung bei Versicherungsvertragen oder eine Versorgung bei Leibrenten (Apathy/Riedler, SR BT Rz 10/3).
Archive | 2005
Ernst Karner; Karl-Heinz Danzl
Der weite Schadensbegriff des ABGB umfasst sowohl den realen als auch den rechnerischen Schaden. Der reale Schaden als tatsachliche negative Beeintrachtigung eines Rechtsgutes bildet den Ansatzpunkt fur die Naturalherstellung (§ 1323), die dem Integritatsinteresse des Geschadigten dient. Soweit moglich und tunlich gebuhrt Naturalherstellung sowohl bei materiellen als auch bei immateriellen Nachteilen (Karner/Koziol, Ideeller Schaden 13 f). Der rechnerische Schaden ist masgeblich, wenn der Schaden in Geld bemessen wird.
Archive | 2011
Elisabeth Steiner; Attila Fenyves; Ernst Karner; Helmut Koziol
Archive | 2012
Ernst Karner; Nora Wallner-Friedl
Archive | 2011
Walter Berka; Attila Fenyves; Ernst Karner; Helmut Koziol; Elisabeth Steiner
Archive | 2017
Willem H van Boom; Jean-Sébastien Borghetti; Andreas Bloch Ehlers; Ernst Karner; Donal Nolan; Ken Oliphant; Alessandro Scarso; Vibe Ulfbeck; Gerhard Wagner; Helmut Koziol; Michael D. Green; Mark Lunney; Lixin Yang
Archive | 2017
Bénédict Winiger; Ernst Karner; Ken Oliphant
Archive | 2017
Bénédict Winiger; Ernst Karner; Ken Oliphant
Archive | 2017
Bénédict Winiger; Ernst Karner; Ken Oliphant