Erol Bayhan

Host range, distribution, and natural enemies of Bemisia tabaci ‘B biotype’ (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Turkey

The whitefly Bemisiatabaci (Gennadius) has caused notable damage to vegetable and cotton crops in the eastern Mediterranean region since about 1994, and has become particularly problematic in southern Turkey beginning in 2000. The development of squash silverleaf symptoms in Cucurbita species and the unprecedented high population levels in the region suggested that the B biotype, notable for the latter phenotypes, had been introduced. To test this hypothesis and determine the host distribution of the suspect introduced B biotype and its associated natural enemies, B. tabaci immature instars and adults, and the associated natural enemies were collected from cultivated and uncultivated plant species. From the southern Turkey collections, B. tabaci was found to colonize 152 species from 43 plant families. Of the plant species upon which B. tabaci was found to reproduce, 152 of them were reported as hosts of B. tabaci in Turkey. Five species of predators and two species of parasitoids were identified as natural enemies of the B biotype of B. tabaci in southern Turkey. Using the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene all B. tabaci were identified as the B biotype of the B. tabaci complex, at 96–100% shared identity with reference B biotype sequences. Results indicate that this invasive biotype has displaced the local Turkey-cotton haplotype that was known to occur previously in southern Turkey.

Effect of Temperature on the Biology of Aphis punicae (Passerini) (Homoptera: Aphididae) on Pomegranate

Abstract The effect of temperature on development time, reproductive capacity, and rate of survival for Aphis punicae was studied at five different (constant) temperatures (17.5, 20, 22.5, 25, and 27.5°C). The development period for immature instar stages ranged from 11.72 d at 17.5°C to 4.30 d at 27.5°C. The lowest developmental threshold was 11.8°C, and the thermal constant (K) was 66.4 DD. The percentage survivorship of immature stages varied from 72.0 to 90.0% over a temperature range of 17.5–27.5°C. The average longevity of adult females was 16.50, 17.17, 18.16, 12.04, and 8.91 d at temperatures of 17.5, 20, 22.5, 25, and 27.5°C, respectively. The average number of offspring produced by a single female was 14.65, 22.68, 31.34, 21.31, and 11.27 at temperatures of 17.5, 20, 22.5, 25, and 27.5°C, respectively. The greatest rm (0.3292) was observed at 25°C. The optimal temperature for A. punicae growth, development, and reproduction was 22.5–25°C.

Is the parasitization rate ofDiaeretiella rapae influenced whenBrevicoryne brassicae feeds onbrassica plants

The development time and parasitization rate ofDiaeretiella rapae (M’Intosh) onBrevicoryne brassicae (L.) feeding on differentBrassica cultivars was studied in the laboratory at 20°C. The shortest development time from egg to adult parasitoid was 11.6 days on cabbage cv. ‘Yalova 1’ and the longest was 12.1 days on turnip cv. ‘Antep’ and rapeseed cv. local variety. Females lived significantly longer than males on the host plants used in the study. Females and males had the shortest longevity on rapeseed at 11.1 and 5.1 days, respectively. The highest percent parasitism ofB. brassicae byD. rapae was found on cabbage (40.20%), and the lowest was recorded on turnip (32.64%). Our results demonstrate that parasitism rate could be influenced by the plant quality, probably due to the nutritional status of the aphids or to toxic compounds ingested through the plant. Cabbage, cauliflower and broccoli were found to be suitable plants for the parasitoid, considering the development time of pre-adults, and the parasitization rate ofD. rapae onB. brassicae.

Effects of Different Cucurbit Species and Temperature on Selected Life History Traits of the 'B' Biotype of Bemisia tabaci

The development time and survival rate were determined at three constant temperatures for the ‘B’ biotype ofBemisia tabaci on cucumber (Beit Alpha F1), cantaloupe (Anzer F1), squash (Sakız F1), and watermelon (Galactica F1). The development time for immature stages at 20, 25 and 30±1°C was, respectively, 33.5, 19.3 and 16.8 days on cucumber; 36.5, 20.8 and 19.60 days on cantaloupe; 37.2, 20.1 and 19.8 days on squash; and 38.9, 23.8 and 21.9 days on watermelon. At 20, 25 and 30°C, the respective percentage survival of immature instars was 73.2, 83.2 and 72.9% on cucumber; 72.9, 84.9 and 75.6% on cantaloupe; 52.1, 76.1 and 57.5% on squash; and 37.6, 64.8 and 40.1% on watermelon.

Determination of Thysanoptera species, their seasonal abundance and distribution in vineyard areas of Mardin Province

This study investigated Thysanoptera species, their distribution, and seasonal abundance and relation to plant phenology in vineyard areas of Mardin province, in 2012-2013. Surveys were conducted once in every three weeks in total of 22 vineyards of 8 districts of Mardin province between March and November according to plant phenology. Thrips were collected by beating plants in the field or by examining plant samples and the method of culturing in the laboratory. A total of 19 Thysanoptera species were recorded. The first six species in terms of the total number of individuals recorded monthly were determined as Haplothrips globiceps (Bagnall), Frankliniella tenuicornis (Uzel), Aeolothrips spp., Neohydatothrips gracilicornis (Williams), H. tritici and Rubiothrips vitis (Pries.). Haplothrips globiceps was determined as the major species in terms of prevalence and the density in all areas where the study was conducted.

DETERMINATION OF SOME BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS HENOSEPILACHNA ELATERII ROSSI (COLEOPTERA: COCCINELLIDAE) ON DIFFERENT WATERMELON CULTIVARS

Phytophagus coccinellid belong to Epilacchninae sub-family are very different the other coccinellid, and found in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Henosepilachna elaterii Rossi. feeds on plants of Cucurbitacae family in groups in Europe, Africa and Asia. This pest is found the south Europe, Mediterranean regions, and south of Center Europe. Henosepilachna elaterii is a serious pest of watermelon and cantaloupe, and is a common pest in Aegean region and Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. This species is a vector as different virus disease from health plant to disease plant. This study was carried out to determine biological parameters of Henosepilachna elaterii Rossi. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) feeded on watermelon cultivars (Surme, Galactica, Crimson sweet, Crimson tide and Sugar baby). The trials were made in laboratory conditioned at 16:8 h (day:night) and in 65 ± 5 % relative humidity at 25 ±1 oC temperature. Data was collected on effect of host plants cultivars on preadult periods. Total development time at prematuring period was shortest at 25 ± 1°C on Crimson tide cultivar as 24.41 days and longest as 25.01 days on Surme cultivars.

Mardin ili bağ alanlarında zararlı Thrips türleri ile mücadele olanaklarının belirlenmesi

Bu calisma ile Mardin ili bag alanlarindaki Thysanoptera turleri ile mucadelede, alternatif mucadele olanaklari arastirilmistir. Baglarda zararli olan thripslere karsi alternatif mucadele olanaklarinin belirlenmesi amaciyla 2012-2013 yillarinda arazi ve laboratuvar kosullarinda biyoinsektisit denemeleri yapilmistir. Yapilan denemelerde baglarda thripse karsi spinosadin (20 ml’lik dozu) etkisi %93.11 iken, azadirachtinin (500 ml’lik dozu) ise %89.60 ile en yuksek etkiye sahiptir. En yuksek etkinin ise 7. gun sonunda oldugu sonraki gunlerde ilac doz etkinliginin dustugu ve en dusuk etkinligin ise 15. gunun sonunda ortaya ciktigi saptanmistir. Ayrica zararli thrips turlerinin gorsel mavi ve sari yapiskan renk tuzaklarina yonelimi ve yakalanmalarini belirlemek amaciyla denemeler yapilmistir. Yapilan denemelerde bag alanlarina asilan renkli yapiskan tuzaklarda thrips turlerinin yakalanma durumu karsilastirildiginda, mavi renkli yapiskan tuzaklarda yakalanan birey sayisinin sari renkli yapiskan tuzaga gore onemli oranda yuksek oldugu tespit edilmistir.