Ervand Abrahamian

The Iranian Constitutional Revolution, 1906-1911: Grassroots Democracy, Social Democracy, and the Origins of Feminism

During the Iranian Constitutional Revolution of 1906 to 1911 a variety of forces played key roles in overthrowing a repressive regime. Afary sheds new light on the role of ordinary citizens and peasantry, the status of Iranian women, and the multifaceted structure of Iranian society.

The US Press and Iran: Foreign Policy and the Journalism of Deference

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Communism and Communalism in Iran: The Tudah and the Firqah-I Dimukrat

Iran has experienced the rare phenomenon of having two pro-Soviet Communist parties simultaneously: the Hizb-i Tudah-i Iran (Party of the Iranian Masses), known as the Tudah ; and the Firqah-i Dimukrat-i Azarbayjan (Democratic Party of Azarbayjan), or simply, the Firqah-i Dimukrat .

J UAN R. I. C OLE , Modernity and the Millennium: The Genesis of the Baha [superset or implies] i Faith in the Nineteenth-Century Middle East (New York: Columbia University Press, 1998). Pp. 275.

Conventional scholarship views Baha ⊃ ism and its precursor, Babism, as intrinsically rooted in traditional Shi ⊂ ism—in both Shi ⊂ isms central doctrines of messianism, millennarianism, and imamism, and its less important features of Neoplatonism, numerology, esoteric knowledge, ecstatic worship, and obedience to religious hierarchy. In short, Babism and Baha ⊃ ism have been treated as historic relics from a traditional worldview rather than birth pangs of the modern age.

20.50 paper,

Part 1 State and society: the Pahlavi monarchy, theories of the state, the Pahlavi state, the Islamic revolution the Islamic republic, the provisional government, President Bani-Sadr, the republics consolidation. Part 2 The Mojahedin: the beginnings, origins (1961-3), formation (1963-8), ideology Ali Shariati, his life (1933-77), his ideology, Shariati and the Mojahedin the formative years, early activities (1968-71), mass trials (1972), survival (1972-5) the great schism, the manifesto (1975), two Mojahedins (1975-8) the great release, the revolution (1977-9), new leadership (February 1979), new organizational structure, new programme to the masses, the provisional government (February-November 1979), the presidential elections (November 1979-January 1980, the Majiles elections (February-May 1980 the road to Karbala, President Bani-Sadr (May 1980-June 1981), the 20 June uprising, reign of terror social bases, membership profile, class bases exile, Paris (July 1981-June 1986), from mass movement to religio-political sect.

50 cloth.

Emphasizing the interaction between political organizations and social forces, Ervand Abrahamian discusses Iranian society and politics during the period between the Constitutional Revolution of 1905-1909 and the Islamic Revolution of 1977-1979. Presented here is a study of the emergence of horizontal divisions, or socio-economic classes, in a country with strong vertical divisions based on ethnicity, religious ideology, and regional particularism. Professor Abrahamian focuses on the class and ethnic roots of the major radical movements in the modem era, particularly the constitutional movement of the 1900s, the communist Tudeh party of the 1940s, the nationalist struggle of the early 1950s, and the Islamic upsurgence of the 1970s. In this examination of the social bases of Iranian politics, Professor Abrahamian draws on archives of the British Foreign Office and India Office that have only recently been opened; newspaper, memoirs, and biographies published in Tehran between 1906 and 1980; proceedings of the Iranian Majles and Senate; interviews with retired and active politicians; and pamphlets, books, and periodicals distributed by exiled groups in Europe and North America in the period between 1953 and 1980. Professor Abrahamian explores the impact of socio-economic change on the political structure, especially under the reigns of Reza Shah and Muhammad Reza Shah, and throws fresh light on the significance of the Tudeh party and the failure of the Shahs regime from 1953 to 1978.