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Dive into the research topics where Erwin Zinser is active.

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Featured researches published by Erwin Zinser.


Brain Behavior and Immunity | 2016

Cognitive impairment by antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis: Analysis of gut microbiota-brain communication

Esther E. Fröhlich; Aitak Farzi; Raphaela Mayerhofer; Florian Reichmann; Angela Jačan; Bernhard Wagner; Erwin Zinser; Natalie Bordag; Christoph Magnes; Eleonore Fröhlich; Karl Kashofer; Gregor Gorkiewicz; Peter Holzer

Emerging evidence indicates that disruption of the gut microbial community (dysbiosis) impairs mental health. Germ-free mice and antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis are two approaches to establish causality in gut microbiota-brain relationships. However, both models have limitations, as germ-free mice display alterations in blood-brain barrier and brain ultrastructure and antibiotics may act directly on the brain. We hypothesized that the concerns related to antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis can only adequately be addressed if the effect of intragastric treatment of adult mice with multiple antibiotics on (i) gut microbial community, (ii) metabolite profile in the colon, (iii) circulating metabolites, (iv) expression of neuronal signaling molecules in distinct brain areas and (v) cognitive behavior is systematically investigated. Of the antibiotics used (ampicillin, bacitracin, meropenem, neomycin, vancomycin), ampicillin had some oral bioavailability but did not enter the brain. 16S rDNA sequencing confirmed antibiotic-induced microbial community disruption, and metabolomics revealed that gut dysbiosis was associated with depletion of bacteria-derived metabolites in the colon and alterations of lipid species and converted microbe-derived molecules in the plasma. Importantly, novel object recognition, but not spatial, memory was impaired in antibiotic-treated mice. This cognitive deficit was associated with brain region-specific changes in the expression of cognition-relevant signaling molecules, notably brain-derived neurotrophic factor, N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor subunit 2B, serotonin transporter and neuropeptide Y system. We conclude that circulating metabolites and the cerebral neuropeptide Y system play an important role in the cognitive impairment and dysregulation of cerebral signaling molecules due to antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis.


Biochimica et Biophysica Acta | 1995

Export of steryl esters from lipid particles and release of free sterols in the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Regina Leber; Erwin Zinser; Claudia Hrastnik; Fritz Paltauf; Günther Daum

Fatty acyl esters of the yeast specific sterol, ergosterol, are exclusively stored in lipid particles. Under conditions of sterol deficiency, e.g., in the presence of terbinafine, an inhibitor of fungal squalene epoxidase, steryl esters are hydrolyzed, and sterols are set free for membrane formation. Lipid particles do not contain steryl-ester hydrolase activity themselves; the highest specific activity of this enzyme is found in the plasma membrane. Therefore, steryl esters have to be exported from lipid particles to their site of hydrolytic cleavage. This process of translocation and metabolic conversion was studied in vivo. Addition of nocodazole to terbinafine-treated cells did not disturb the mobilization of steryl esters, indicating that this process is not mediated by microtubuli-dependent vesicle flux. Under the influence of inhibitors of cellular energy production (azide and fluoride) and protein biosynthesis (cycloheximide) mobilization of steryl esters came to an halt. These results support the view that ongoing membrane proliferation may be a driving force for the release of sterols from steryl esters of lipid particles.


Journal of Biological Chemistry | 2016

Deletion of Monoglyceride Lipase in Astrocytes Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuroinflammation

Gernot F. Grabner; Thomas O. Eichmann; Bernhard Wagner; Yuanqing Gao; Aitak Farzi; Ulrike Taschler; Franz P. W. Radner; Martina Schweiger; Achim Lass; Peter Holzer; Erwin Zinser; Matthias H. Tschöp; Chun-Xia Yi; Robert Zimmermann

Monoglyceride lipase (MGL) is required for efficient hydrolysis of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglyerol (2-AG) in the brain generating arachidonic acid (AA) and glycerol. This metabolic function makes MGL an interesting target for the treatment of neuroinflammation, since 2-AG exhibits anti-inflammatory properties and AA is a precursor for pro-inflammatory prostaglandins. Astrocytes are an important source of AA and 2-AG, and highly express MGL. In the present study, we dissected the distinct contribution of MGL in astrocytes on brain 2-AG and AA metabolism by generating a mouse model with genetic deletion of MGL specifically in astrocytes (MKOGFAP). MKOGFAP mice exhibit moderately increased 2-AG and reduced AA levels in brain. Minor accumulation of 2-AG in the brain of MKOGFAP mice does not cause cannabinoid receptor desensitization as previously observed in mice globally lacking MGL. Importantly, MKOGFAP mice exhibit reduced brain prostaglandin E2 and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels upon peripheral lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration. These observations indicate that MGL-mediated degradation of 2-AG in astrocytes provides AA for prostaglandin synthesis promoting LPS-induced neuroinflammation. The beneficial effect of astrocyte-specific MGL-deficiency is not fully abrogated by the inverse cannabinoid receptor 1 agonist SR141716 (Rimonabant) suggesting that the anti-inflammatory effects are rather caused by reduced prostaglandin synthesis than by activation of cannabinoid receptors. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that MGL in astrocytes is an important regulator of 2-AG levels, AA availability, and neuroinflammation.


Biochimica et Biophysica Acta | 1985

Utilization of exogenous glycerophosphodiesters and glycerol 3-phosphate by inositol-starved yeast, Saccharomyces uvarum☆

Fritz Paltauf; Erwin Zinser; Guenther Daum

Inositol-starved Saccharomyces uvarum cells hydrolyse exogenous glycerophosphodiesters to glycerol 3-phosphate and the corresponding alcohol. Glycerophosphodiesterase activity is highest with glycerophosphoinositol as the substrate, followed by glycerophosphoethanolamine and glycerophosphocholine; the artificial substrate for phosphodiesterases, bis-p-nitrophenylphosphate,is hydrolysed at a similar rate as compared with glycerophosphoinositol. Competition experiments suggest that distinct phosphodiesterases are involved in the hydrolysis of the respective substrates. An Mg2+-dependent glycerophosphate phosphohydrolase with a pH-optimum around neutral cleaves glycerol 3-phosphate to glycerol and orthophosphate. The latter is taken up into cells without first entering the pool of orthophosphate present in the growth medium. Accessibility to substrates with whole cells, adhesion of enzymes to spheroplasts, and solubilization of enzymes by treatment of whole cells with Triton X-100 under mild conditions suggest that phosphodiesterases and glycerol-3-phosphate phosphohydrolase are loosely associated with the outer side of the yeast plasma membrane. Enzyme activities are only marginal in inositol-supplemented cells, but are derepressed not only by inositol deficiency, but also by starvation of orthophosphate.


business process management | 2009

Business Process Management — S-BPM a New Paradigm for Competitive Advantage?

Robert Singer; Erwin Zinser

This article summarizes our motivation to deal with business process management in several dimensions. Firstly, a critical survey on the current status of business process management in industry is given. Based on well known facts from the area of business administration and strategy, we show why business process management as a whole needs to renew its paradigm, especially in the context of IT support. We further demonstrate that one emerging methodology, the notion of subject oriented business process modeling, is one of the promising candidates to change the way of working and to unfold the full potential of business process thinking in organizations. Secondly, we provide some insights into current educational and research agenda at our bachelor and master program Information Management, respectively, considering the subject oriented business process modeling approach as a valuable alternative to heretofore established procedure models. In conclusion, a brief outlook on future actions concerning S-BPM in research and education at our department is given. Business Process Managgement


business process management | 2010

Business Process Management – Do We Need a New Research Agenda?

Robert Singer; Erwin Zinser

This article is an answer to the thesis that research in the domain of business process management (BPM) is doing the wrong job, does not deliver results and therefore is responsible for the alleged failure of BPM in the field. We work out that this thesis is not based on any scientific argumentation or proof. Based on the finding that BPM itself does not have a solid scientific foundation we present some thoughts how to come up with a scientific theory of BPM. Additionally we argue that the term BPM has different meanings in different research and application areas. This, logically, leads to different research interests, but all together they give a complex (but fragmented) picture and will emerge towards an unified theory of BPM. The conclusion of this article follows the insight of experts in the domain of BPM research and application, that research in BPM is still not finished and that it is rather at the very beginning. Especially if we understand BPM as one element of sociotechnical systems, which leads us to think about a more holistic approach in the sense of systems theory.


Biochimica et Biophysica Acta | 1993

Two yeast peroxisomal proteins crossreact with an antiserum against human sterol carrier protein 2 (SCP-2)

Dana Tahotna; Ivan Hapala; Erwin Zinser; Waltraud Flekl; Fritz Paltauf; Günther Daum

An antibody raised against human sterol carrier protein 2 (SCP-2) crossreacts with two yeast peroxisomal proteins. These proteins have apparent molecular weights of 35 and 58 kDa. Subfractionation of peroxisomes revealed that the 58 kDa species is a soluble matrix protein, whereas the 35 kDa protein is membrane bound. Treatment of isolated peroxisomal membranes with 0.25 M KCl released the 35 kDa crossreactive protein into the soluble supernatant. However, lipid transfer activity could be attributed neither to the 35 kDa nor to the 58 kDa protein.


Biochimica et Biophysica Acta | 1983

Effect of inositol starvation on glycerolipid metabolism in Saccharomyces uvarum

Günther Daum; Sepp D. Kohlwein; Erwin Zinser; Fritz Paltauf

Abstract The influence of inositol deprivation on glycerolipid metabolism in the inositol-requiring yeast, Saccharomyces uvarum , was determined by measuring the decrease in radioactivity of the major phospholipids after prelabeling cells with either [2- 3 H]glycerol, [1- 14 C]palmitic acid, [methyl- 3 H]choline or [ 32 P]orthophosphate. In another set of experiments incorporation of exogenously supplied [ 3 H]oleic acid and [2- 3 H]glycerol into cellular lipids was studied. Comparison of data obtained with inositol-deficient cultures and inositol-supplemented controls indicate that inositol starvation leads to elevated rates of phospholipid synthesis and turnover. During incorporation of [2- 3 H, U- 14 C]glycerol into glycerolipids 3 H is retained, suggesting that the dihydroxyacetonephosphate pathway of glycerolipid synthesis is absent in S. uvarum . The hypothesis that triacylglycerols accumulating in inositol-starved cells might (at least in part) be synthesized from diacylglycerols formed during increased phospholipid breakdown could not be verified, since [2- 3 H]glycerol was not transferred from phospholipids to triacylglycerols. Essentially all the [2- 3 H]glycerol lost from phospholipids during growth of prelabeled cells was excreted into the culture medium in the form of water-soluble deacylation products (mainly glycerophosphoinositol and glycerophosphocholine). Fatty acids set free during degradation of phospholipids in inositol-deficient cells are shifted to triacylglycerols.


Archive | 1994

Assembly of Sphingolipids into Membranes of the Yeast, Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

Petra Hechtberger; Erwin Zinser; Fritz Paltauf; Guenther Daum

In the lower eukaryote, Saccharomyces cerevisiae,the inositol-containing ceramides inositolphosphate ceramide (IPC), mannosyl inositolphosphate ceramide (MIPC) and mannosyl diinositolphosphate ceramide (M(IP)2C) were shown to be the major sphingolipids (Wagner & Zofcsik, 1966; Steiner et al., 1969; Smith & Lester, 1974).


business process management | 2010

Establishing Conceptual and Functional Links between S-BPM and Business Rules

Alexander Sellner; Erwin Zinser

Traditional business process management (BPM) and the business rules approach present two different concepts for achieving enterprise agility. Integrating business rules into business processes can leverage business performance in organizational environments which are decision intensive and process driven. The concept of subjectoriented business process modeling (S-BPM) presents a design paradigm quite similar to the business rules concept, both being based on naturally spoken language and both being quite easy to understand. The research presented here aims at establishing conceptual and functional links between S-BPM modeling environments and business rule repositories and presents a prototype for enacting business rules in S-BPM processes.

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Fritz Paltauf

Graz University of Technology

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Guenther Daum

Graz University of Technology

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Regina Leber

Graz University of Technology

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Aitak Farzi

Medical University of Graz

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Bettina Leber

Medical University of Graz

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