Eugene Nulman
Birmingham City University
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Featured researches published by Eugene Nulman.
Archive | 2015
Eugene Nulman
Foreword 1. Introduction The Climate Change Movement and Movement Outcomes The Three Campaigns Research Questions: What, When and How 2. Brief History of Climate Change Policy & Activism Margaret Thatcher And Climate Change Early Environmental Movement Activity on International Climate Change Negotiations Unfccc and The Earth Summit Conferences of The Parties And The Kyoto Protocol International Climate Policy after Cop 3 Copenhagen and Beyond Conclusion: The Importance of National Interests and National Policies 3. Case Histories of Three Climate Campaigns Campaigning for Emissions Targets: The Case of the Climate Change Act Campaigns Against Carbon-Intensive Infrastructure: The Case of Heathrows Third Runway Campaigning For Clean Investment: The Case of the Green Investment Bank Conclusion 4. Policy Outcomes Climate Change Act Heathrow Third Runway Green Investment Bank Conclusion 5. Political Opportunities Climate Change Policy Window Closure of Opportunities Conclusion 6. Strategy, Leadership & Outcomes Strategic Domains Strategic Questions Conclusion 7. Mechanisms for Policy Change Disruption Mechanism Public Preference Mechanism Political Access Mechanism Judicial Mechanism International Political Mechanism Conclusion 8. Conclusion Findings Implications On Strengthening Subsequent Research
Environmental Politics | 2015
Eugene Nulman
While the literature on dynamics of contention has proliferated, its focus on movement onset, mobilisation, and outcomes could be used to understand interactions between actors during episodes of contention. While the authors of Dynamics of Contention acknowledge the importance of these interactions, more insight is needed into what shapes these relations and how they change over time. Here, an attempt is made to test the dynamic model as it pertains to interactions, utilising the case of the proposed third runway at Heathrow airport, which included a variety of environmental campaigners, powerful corporations, political actors and parties, and a countermovement. The campaign is broken down into phases that represent the predominant interactions between actors, and the process of phase changes is explained using a process-tracing approach. The findings highlight the importance of cognitive mechanisms over objective factors. However, explanations offered by more static models retain some explanatory power and therefore should not be discarded altogether.
European Journal of Social Theory | 2018
Eugene Nulman; Raphael Schlembach
The social movement literature in Western Europe and North America has oriented much of its theoretical work towards micro-, meso-, and macro-level examinations of its subject of study but has rarely integrated these levels of analysis. This review article broadly documents the leading theoretical perspectives on social movements, while highlighting the contributions made in recent years with regard to the wave of protests across the globe – typified by the Occupy Movement and the ‘Arab Spring’ – and grievances that are relatively novel in qualitative or quantitative form such as austerity, precarity, and a sense of democratic deficiency. While these novel social processes have invigorated the specialized arena of ‘social movement studies’ and generated a resurgence of work on social movements beyond the field, this article argues for the need to interconnect levels of analysis in order to develop a more insightful account of contemporary contentious politics.
Third World Quarterly | 2017
Eugene Nulman
Abstract While neo-imperialism is becoming increasingly discussed within academia and by public intellectuals, this paper hypothesises that, due to resource needs of social movement organisations, neo-imperialism is not a major diagnostic frame used by international solidarity organisations in the Global North. We tested this hypothesis by examining diagnostic collective action frames used online by 30 organisations across three solidarity movement issues: climate justice, refugee solidarity and debt relief. While the frame was infrequently used across the organisations, results reveal that those organisations that did utilise the frame with some regularity had constituencies that have suffered from historical forms of imperialism. A qualitative analysis was used to locate the contexts in which the frame was used and the prominence these uses had within the organisations’ public broadcasting.
Archive | 2015
Eugene Nulman
This chapter looks at the histories of the three cases we will analyze in this book: the Big Ask campaign that called on the government to pass a law creating greenhouse gas emission reduction targets; the campaign against a third runway proposed at Heathrow Airport which, if constructed, would increase emissions from aviation; and the campaign for a green investment bank that would increase the financing for climate change mitigation efforts. Below you will find the history of each campaign, including key actors, tactics, and policy developments. These case histories will provide us with the necessary background to answer the following questions: What outcomes did the campaigns produce? When were conditions ripe for the campaigns to achieve outcomes? and How were the campaigns able to achieve these outcomes?
Archive | 2015
Eugene Nulman
Mechanisms represent causal processes that produce an effect (Hedstrom and Ylikoski, 2010). By exploring mechanisms of movement outcomes, we can develop an understanding of how social movements influence policy. While the use of particular mechanisms can be the result of strategic choices by campaigners (see Chapter 6), we are not interested in the influence a choice had on the campaign but which mechanisms the campaign used and how effective those mechanisms were in obtaining a policy outcome. This can help us understand the paths to social movements’ outcomes and the processes that facilitate policy change.
Archive | 2015
Eugene Nulman
Gamson’s classic text on social movement outcomes, The Strategy of Social Protest (1975), examines strategic variables, among others, finding that several strategic choices made by movement organizations affected outcomes. His research showed that groups that provided incentives for their members corresponded to achieving change for the group’s constituency at a greater rate than those that did not have incentives. Likewise, groups that behaved in an unruly manner, either with violence or non-violent constraints such as strikes and boycotts, were more likely to be successful, particularly under certain circumstances.
Archive | 2015
Eugene Nulman
Climate change mitigation requires an international effort. But as I will argue in this chapter, policies at the national level are an important element of international progress on climate change. Environmentalists and activists that form the climate change movement did not initially focus on national mitigation policies. Their efforts arose from a context of international negotiations that developed as scientific data on the subject increased. The climate change movement worked to influence these international negotiations, but they failed to have a significant impact as key developed countries’ national interests did not align with a strong climate treaty. Europe, however, was seen as an important force for pushing negotiations forward, and the United Kingdom in particular was looked up to as an important actor. This started with the premiership of Margaret Thatcher.
Media, Culture & Society | 2015
Eugene Nulman
Social Movements often incorporate masculinity into protest events as a means of achieving media attention. This attention is then used to mobilize, increase membership, and generate social and political outcomes. This article explores the media attention potential of novel social movement actions that deal with ‘domestically feminine’ elements of protest. This article examines the case of the Great Railway Adventure, a series of protests in England organized by the Craftivist Collective and Climate Rush incorporating feminine dress, craftwork, and food. It analyzes the success of these elements in generating media attention and the role the elements play in news media’s framing of the protests. By employing a qualitative content analysis of newspaper articles, I found that the elements were able to achieve limited levels of media attention through novelty and situational irony when combined with more standard elements of direct action campaigning. These elements also shaped the content of many but not all of the news articles.
Archive | 2015
Eugene Nulman