Eugénie Guillot

Management of Phyllodes Breast Tumors

Abstract:  Phyllodes tumors are a rare distinctive fibroepithelial tumors of the breast and their management continues to be questioned. The aim of our study was to examine the treatment and outcome of 165 patients with phyllodes tumors and to review the options for surgical management. This is a retrospective study of 165 patients who presented to the Institut Curie between January 1994 and November 2008 for benign, borderline or malignant phyllodes tumors. The median follow‐up was 12.65 months [range 0–149.8]. The median age at diagnosis was 44 years [range 17–79]. One hundred and sixty patients (97%) had breast‐conserving treatment, of whom 3 patients (1.8%) had oncoplastic breast surgery. Younger women had a significantly higher chance of having a benign phyllodes tumor (p = 0.0001) or a tumor of small size (p < 0.0001). Histologic examination showed 114 benign (69%), 37 borderline (22%) and 14 malignant tumors (9%). The median tumor size was 30 mm [range 5–150]. The tumor margins were considered incomplete (<10 mm) in 46 out of 165 cases (28%) with 52% revision surgery. Only the tumor grade was a significant risk factor for incomplete tumor margins (p = 0.005). Fifteen patients developed local recurrence (10%) and two, metastases. In univariate analysis, the histologic grade (p = 0.008), and tumor size (p = 0.02) were significative risk factors for local recurrence with an accentuated risk for “borderline” tumors and tumors of large size.).Similar results were obtained using multivariate analysis (p = 0.07). The mainstay of treatment for phyllodes tumors remains excision with a safe surgical margin, taking advantage breast conserving surgery where amenable. For borderline or malignant phyllodes tumors or in cases of local tumor recurrence, mastectomy, and immediate breast reconstruction may become the preferred option. Genetic analysis will potentially supplement classical histologic examination in order to improve our management of these tumors. The role of adjuvant treatments is unproven and must be considered on a case‐by‐case basis.

Extensive pure ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast: Identification of predictors of associated infiltrating carcinoma and lymph node metastasis before immediate reconstructive surgery

AIM To identify predictors for infiltrating carcinoma and lymph node involvement, before immediate breast reconstructive surgery, in patients with an initial diagnosis of extensive pure ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast (DCIS). PATIENTS AND METHODS Between January 2000 and December 2009, 241 patients with pure extensive DCIS in preoperative biopsy had underwent mastectomy. Axillary staging (sentinel node and/or axillary dissection) was performed in 92% (n = 221) of patients. Patients with micro-invasive lesions at initial diagnosis, recurrence or contralateral breast cancer were excluded. RESULTS Respectively 14% and 21% of patients had a final diagnosis of micro-invasive carcinoma (MIC) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Univariate analysis showed that the following variables at diagnosis were significantly correlated with the presence of either MIC or IDC in the mastectomy specimen: palpable tumor (p = 0.002), high grade DCIS (p = 0.002) and detection of an opacity by mammography (p = 0.019). Axillary lymph node (ALN) involvement was reported in 9% of patients. Univariate analysis suggested that a body mass index higher than 25 (p = 0.007), a palpable tumor (p = 0.012) and the detection of an opacity by mammography (p = 0.044) were associated with an increased rate of ALN involvement. CONCLUSION Skin-sparing mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction (IBRS) has become increasingly popular, especially for patients with extended DCIS of the breast. This study confirmed that extended DCIS is associated with a substantial risk of finding MIC or IDC on the surgical specimen but also ALN involvement. Adjuvant systemic treatment and/or radiotherapy could be indicated for some of these patients after the surgery. Patients should be informed of the rate of 1) complications associated to IBRS that will potentially delay the introduction of systemic or local therapy 2) complications associated to radiotherapy after IBRS.

Outcome of oncoplastic breast-conserving surgery following bracketing wire localization for large breast cancer

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome of breast conserving surgery comparing oncoplastic surgery (OS) and standard lumpectomy (SL) after preoperative bracketing wire localization of large neoplastic lesions. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and the mammograms of patients operated on at the Institut Curie between May 2005 and September 2011 after bracketing wire localization under mammographic and/or sonographic guidance. RESULTS 113 patients underwent surgery for a pre-operative diagnosis of DCIS (n = 80), micro-invasive carcinoma (n = 9) or invasive carcinoma (n = 24), by OS (n = 73) or SL (n = 40). In the OS group, radiological size (52 mm vs 39 mm, p < 0.001) and resection volumes (246 cc vs 88 cc, p < 0.00001) were significantly higher than in the SL group. Rates of clear histologic margins (60 vs 62%, NS), complete excision of microcalcifications (78% vs 72%, NS) and re-intervention rate (40% vs 42%, NS) were equivalent. The rate of local recurrence at 24 months was 3% [0-7.1] in patients with conservative treatment (n = 3). With a median follow-up of 40 months, 5 local relapses (two with axillary metastatic involvement), two distant metastatic evolution, one contralateral breast cancer and one death unrelated to cancer occurred. CONCLUSION Following bracketing wire localization, OS allowed the conserving management of significantly larger lesions with wider resection volumes, without significant increase in margin involvement or re-intervention rate, and equivalent rate of microcalcifications clearance compared to SL.

Multicenter prospective evaluation of the reliability of the combined use of two models to predict non-sentinel lymph node status in breast cancer patients with metastatic sentinel lymph nodes: the MSKCC nomogram and the Tenon score. Results of the NOTEGS study

Background:The purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate the combined use of The Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center nomogram and Tenon score to select, in patients with metastatic sentinel lymph node (SN), those at low risk of metastatic non-SN for whom additional axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) could be avoided.Methods:From January 2011 to July 2012, a prospective non-interventional nationwide study was conducted (NCT01509963). We sought to identify the false reassurance rate (FRR, a negative test result is false) in patients with both a ⩽10% probability of metastatic non-SN with the MSKCC nomogram and a Tenon score ⩽3.5 (low risk): the proportion of patients with metastatic non-SN at additional ALND. Our hypothesis was that these patients would have a FRR⩽5%.Results:Data on 2822 patients with breast cancer from 53 institutions were prospectively recorded. At least one SN was metastatic (isolated tumour cells, micro- or macrometastases) in 696 patients (24.7%). Among patients with ALND and complete data to calculate combined risk (n=504), 67 and 437 patients had low and high combined risk, respectively. Patients at low risk had less ALND (47%) compared to patients at high risk (P<0.001). This study did not meet its primary objective because the FRR in patients with low risk was 16.4% (11 out of 67) (95% confidence interval (CI): 9.7–23.1%). In the high-risk group, 33.9% (148 out of 437) (95% CI: 29.6–38.4%) had non-SN metastases (P=0.004).Conclusions:In this controlled prospective study, metastatic SN patients with both a ⩽10% probability of metastatic non-SN with the MSKCC nomogram and a Tenon score ⩽3.5 failed to identify patients at low risk of metastatic non-SN when completion ALND was not systematic.

A New Transcutaneous Method for Breast Cancer Detection with Dogs

We developed a new transcutaneous method for breast cancer detection with dogs: 2 dogs were trained to sniff skin secretion samples on compresses that had been worn overnight by women on their breast, and to recognize a breast cancer sample among 4 samples. During the test, the dogs recognized 90.3% of skin secretion breast cancer samples. This proof-of-concept study opens new avenues for the development of a reliable cancer diagnostic tool integrating olfactory abilities of dogs.

Medico-economic impact of MSKCC non-sentinel node prediction nomogram for ER-positive HER2-negative breast cancers

Background Avoiding axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) for invasive breast cancers with isolated tumor cells or micrometastatic sentinel node biopsy (SNB) could decrease morbidity with minimal clinical significance. Purpose The aim of this study is to simulate the medico-economic impact of the routine use of the MSKCC non-sentinel node (NSN) prediction nomogram for ER+ HER2- breast cancer patients. Methods We studied 1036 ER+ HER2- breast cancer patients with a metastatic SNB. All had a complementary ALND. For each patient, we calculated the probability of the NSN positivity using the MSKCC nomogram. After validation of this nomogram in the population, we described how the patients’ characteristics spread as the threshold value changed. Then, we performed an economic simulation study to estimate the total cost of caring for patients treated according to the MSKCC predictive nomogram results. Results A 0.3 threshold discriminate the type of sentinel node (SN) metastases: 98.8% of patients with pN0(i+) and 91.6% of patients with pN1(mic) had a MSKCC score under 0.3 (false negative rate = 6.4%). If we use the 0.3 threshold for economic simulation, 43% of ALND could be avoided, reducing the costs of caring by 1 051 980 EUROS among the 1036 patients. Conclusion We demonstrated the cost-effectiveness of using the MSKCC NSN prediction nomogram by avoiding ALND for the pN0(i+) or pN1(mic) ER+ HER2- breast cancer patients with a MSKCC score of less than or equal to 0.3.

Colpoplasty by laparoscopic modified Davydov's procedure

OBJECTIVE To show laparoscopic surgery to treat vaginal shortening, with functional sequelae (sexual disorders), after radiotherapy and brachytherapy for vaginal carcinoma. METHODS Davydovs procedure was initially described to treat vaginal aplasia (Davydov & Zhvitiashvili, 1974). This surgery was then improved for the upper part of the vagina, performed by laparoscopy (Leblanc, 2010; Adamyan, 1995) [2-3]. We used surgical technique, based on Davydovs procedure, by laparoscopy, to cover the upper neovagina, with two large peritoneal flaps, one anterior with the pre-vesical peritoneum and a second one posterior with the peritoneum of Douglas pouch. This surgery can be performed with no use of intestinal gesture, skin grafting, flap or any foreign material. Leblanc et al. (2016) [4] reported promising results about eight patients with this technique. RESULTS A 36-years old patient had been treated by chemotherapy, radiotherapy and brachytherapy for a vagina cancer with a para-rectal extension. After four years of remission, she was worried about an important vaginal atrophy related to a significant vaginal shortening (about 5cm), causing major dyspareunia. This situation had caused sexual disorders with a real impact on the quality of life. All non-invasive techniques (dilatators, lubricants…) had led to failures. A colpoplasty by laparoscopic modified Davydovs procedure was performed. The post-operative follow-up was simple without complication. The vaginal mandrel was removed after 12days. The clinical examination after 4months demonstrates that size and elasticity of the neovaginal cavity was rewarding. CONCLUSION This surgical technique requires training and experienced team, but seems to be promising way to restore a normal vaginal length.

Synthèse des recommandations nationales et internationales concernant les indications de la technique du ganglion sentinelle et du curage axillaire complémentaire après ganglion sentinelle positif dans la prise en charge des cancers du sein

Management of breast cancer is based on national and international guidelines. These are defined on evidence-based medicine. The main purpose of this review is to compare the different guidelines for sentinel lymph node biopsy and completion axillary dissection after positive sentinel lymph node biopsy. This review of breast cancer guidelines led to identify consensus, but in some specific situations, they differ. The guidelines cannot be applied to all clinical cases, mandatoring multidisciplinary meetings are essential.

Abstract P2-01-11: Prospective evaluation of the reliability of the combined use of two models to predict non-sentinel lymph node status in breast cancer patients with metastatic sentinel lymph nodes: The MSKCC nomogram and the Tenon score – PHRC-NOTEGS study

Background: Several mathematical models have been developed to predict non-SN status in patients with breast cancer with SN metastasis. The Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center nomogram and Tenon score outperform other methods in academic studies but their exportability at multiple geographic locations and practice settings has never been reported. The purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate the combined use of the MSKCC nomogram (Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center) and Tenon score to select, in patients with metastatic sentinel lymph node (SN), those at low risk of metastatic non-SN in whom additional axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) could be avoided. Material and methods: From January 2011 to July 2012, data on 3157 patients with breast cancer from 65 institutions (university affiliated, general, regional hospital, nonprofit private hospital and private practice) were prospectively recorded (NCT01509963). Selection criteria were patients aged over 18 years old with untreated invasive T1-2 breast cancer with an indication of SN procedure. The primary outcome measure was the false negative rate in patients with both a ≤10% probability of metastatic non-SN with the MSKCC nomogram and a Tenon score ≤3.5 (i.e. low risk): proportion of patients with metastatic non-SN at additional ALND. The hypothesis was a 5%±5% rate in this group of patients. Other patients were considered at high risk. Because of the results of the Z011 and IBCSG 23-01 trials, additional ALND was not mandatory.in case of metastatic SN. Results: Among the 2936 patients, at least one SN was metastatic (isolated tumor cells, micro- or macrometastasis) in 696 patients (23.7%). Among them, 178 did not have completion ALND. Among patients with completion ALND (n=518, 74.4%), 67 (13%), 437 (84%) and 14 (3%) patients were at low, high and undetermined combined risk while 47.5% were at low risk in patients without completion ALND (p Conclusion: In this controlled prospective trial, metastatic SN patients with both a ≤ 10% probability of metastatic non-SN with the MSKCC nomogram and a Tenon score ≤ 3.5 had completion axillary dissection in 47% of cases: in these patients, the false negative rate was statistically over 5% and did not reach the primary endpoint. Further evaluation is warranted to determine the outcome of patients with and without axillary dissection. Citation Format: Roman Rouzier, Catherine Uzan, Alexandra Rousseau, Eugenie Guillot, Sonia Zilberman, Charles Meyer, Pablo Estevez, Pierre-Francois Dupre, David Kere, Virginie Doridot, Gauthier D9halluin, Xavier Fritel, Nicolas Pouget, Chafika Mazouni, Tabassome Simon, Charles Coutant. Prospective evaluation of the reliability of the combined use of two models to predict non-sentinel lymph node status in breast cancer patients with metastatic sentinel lymph nodes: The MSKCC nomogram and the Tenon score – PHRC-NOTEGS study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-01-11.

Abstract P5-14-12: Management of Phyllodes Breast Tumours: A Review of 165 Cases

Aim:The aim of our study was to examine the treatment and outcome of 165 patients with phyllodes tumours and to review the options for surgical management. Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective study of 165 patients who presented to the Institut Curie between January 1994 and November 2008 for benign, borderline or malignant phyllodes tumours. Results: The median follow-up was 12.65 months [range 0 to 149.8]. The median age at diagnosis was 44 years [range 17 to 79]. One hundred and sixty patients (97%) had breast conserving treatment, of whom 3 patients (1. 8%) had oncoplastic breast surgery. Younger women had a significantly higher chance of having a benign phyllodes tumor (p = 0.0001) or a tumour of small size ( The median tumour size was 30 mm [range 5 to 150]. The tumour margins were considered incomplete ( Conclusion: The mainstay of treatment for phyllodes tumours remains excision with a safe surgical margin, taking advantage breast conserving surgery where amenable. For borderline or malignant phyllodes tumours or in cases of local tumour recurrence, mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction may become the preferred option.Genetic analysis will potentially supplement classical histological examination in order to improve our management of these tumours. The role of adjuvant treatments is unproven and must be considered on a case-by-case basis. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-14-12.