Eun-Yong Lee

Preparation of Targeting Proteoliposome by Postinsertion of a Linker Molecule Conjugated with Recombinant Human Epidermal Growth Factor

To develop a sterically stable, targeting proteoliposome, a postinsertion method was employed to biofunctionalize the liposome surface with a biocompatible anchor molecule (BAM) linker conjugated with epidermal growth factor (EGF) as a homing molecule. In this method, EGF was first conjugated with BAM that consisted of a hydrophilic reactive group at one end and oleic acid chains at the other end. The EGF-BAM complex was then inserted into the liposomal phospholipid bilayer through lipophilic interaction. When compared with the traditional surface modification method by amine coupling, the modification efficiency with BAM at 25 degrees C was about 2.5-fold higher, and the 24 h stability of the inserted BAM at 25 degrees C was also about 2.5-fold higher. The insertion affinity and stability of the BAM to the liposomal bilayer was not influenced by an increase in cholesterol concentration, a component in liposome preparation. Confocal microscopy studies showed that the proteoliposomes biofunctionalized with the BAM-EGF complex encapsulating Cy5 fluorescent dye were selectively bound to the surface of MDA-MB-231 cells overexpressing EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor), but not to MCF-7 cells, which did not express EGFR. The same proteolipome encapsulating doxorubicin was selectively targeted to MDA-MB-231 cells and killed them. In sum, BAM could be used as a suitable postinsertion linker for biofunctionalization of liposome surface with high modification efficiency and stability. Furthermore, the protein used as a homing molecule maintained its bioactivity after the biofunctionalization.

Fabrication of protein-anchoring surface by modification of Sio2 with liposomal bilayer

SiO(2) surface was successfully modified with phospholipid bilayer for biocompatibility by covering the planar surface with vesicular liposomes. By applying heat to rupture the vesicle, they were converted into a planar form. To effectively decorate the bilayer with biological molecules such as a protein, BAM (biological anchor for membrane) was used as a linker. It is a linear assembly consisting of oleyl chain, polyethylene glycol, and NHS (N-hydroxysuccinimide). After a target protein (BSA) was conjugated with BAM by NHS replacement, the conjugate was effectively inserted to the phospholipid bilayer through the lipophilic interaction between the oleyl chain and the lipid bilayer. The entire process was monitored and quantitatively analyzed by QCM (quartz crystal microbalance). BSA-BAM conjugate showed approximately 12-fold higher binding efficiency to the lipid bilayer than BSA alone. From this result, we conclude that SiO(2) surface could be modified to a lipid bilayer surface so as to anchor a protein by the action of BAM.

Case Report of Three Cases of Idiopathic Oculomotor Nerve Palsy Treated with Hominis Placenta Pharmacopuncture

Objective : Oculomotor nerve palsy is a disorder which causes eyeball movement trouble, diplopia, dizziness and eyelid ptosis. It is caused by aneurysm, mass, trauma, infection and so on. But sometimes we can`t establish the cause. We observed 3 cases of idiopathic oculomotor nerve palsy patient treated with hominis placenta pharmacopuncture. Method & Result : We treated three idiopathic oculomotor nerve palsy patients with hominis placenta pharmacopuncture and electroacupuncture. As the result, symptoms of three patients were improved remarkably. Conclusion : In this cases, the hominis placenta pharmacopuncture is effective on idiopathic oculomotor nerve palsy. We need further study about idiopathic oculomotor nerve palsy and hominis placenta pharmacopuncture.

The Clinical Effects of Carthami-Flos Pharmacopuncture on Posterior Neck pain of Menopausal Women

Objectives: The purpose of this research was to examine the effect of Carthami-Flos Pharmacopuncture on posterior neck pain of menopausal women. Methods: We treated 20 female patients with neck pain patient(45-60 yr) into two groups and treated Group A with Carthami-Flos Pharmacopuncture and common acupuncture and Group B with common acupuncture. The efficacy of treatment was measured by VAS, NDI and MENQOL scores of before and after 30 days to start treatment. Results: Both group A and B represented effective improvement in VAS and NDI of neck pain and MENQOL scores. And group A was more effective than B group statistically. Conclusions: It was suggested that Carthami-Flos Pharmacopuncture treatment might have effect on posterior neck pain treatment of menopausal women.

Study on a Single-Dose Toxicity Test of D-Amino Acid Oxidase (DAAO) Extracts Injected into the Tail Vein of Rats.

Objective: This study was performed to analyze the single-dose toxicity of D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) extracts. Methods: All experiments were conducted at the Korea Testing & Research Institute (KTR), an institution authorized to perform non-clinical studies, under the regulations of Good Laboratory Practice (GLP). Sprague-Dawley rats were chosen for the pilot study. Doses of DAAO extracts, 0.1 to 0.3 cc, were administered to the experimental group, and the same doses of normal saline solution were administered to the control group. This study was conducted under the approval of the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee. Results: In all 4 groups, no deaths occurred, and the LD50 of DAAO extracts administered by IV was over 0.3 ml/kg. No significant changes in the weight between the control group and the experimental group were observed. To check for abnormalities in organs and tissues, we used microscopy to examine representative histological sections of each specified organ, the results showed no significant differences in any organs or tissues. Conclusion: The above findings suggest that treatment with D-amino acid oxidase extracts is relatively safe. Further studies on this subject should be conducted to yield more concrete evidence.

Single Dose Toxicity of Chukyu (spine-healing) Pharmacopuncture Injection in the Muscle of Rats

Objectives: This study was performed to analyze the single dose toxicity of Chukyu (spine-healing) pharmacopuncture. Methods: All experiments were conducted at the Biotoxtech, an institution authorized to perform non-clinical studies under the regulations of Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) regulations. Sprague-Dawley rats were chosen for the pilot study. Doses of Chukyu (spine-healing) pharmacopuncture, 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mL, were administered to the experimental groups, and a dose of normal saline solution, 1.0 mL, was administered to the control group. This study was conducted under the approval of the Institutional Animal Ethic Committee. Results: No deaths or abnormalities occurred in any of the four groups. No significant changes in weight, hematological parameters or clinical chemistry between the control group and the experimental groups were observed. To check for abnormalities in organs and tissues, we used microscopy to examine representative histological sections of each specified organ; the results showed no significant differences in any of the organs or tissues except in one case, where interstitial infiltrating macrophages were found in one female rat in the 0.5-mL/animal experimental group. Conclusion: The above findings suggest that treatment with Chukyu (spine-healing) pharmacopuncture is relatively safe. Further studies on this subject are needed to yield more concrete evidence.

The Clinical Study on 34 Admission Patients due to Sequela of Traffic Accident

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical progress of patients diagnosed as sequela of traffic accident. Methods : We studied 34 cases who were admitted in Semyung University Oriental Hospital from 1st, January, 2005 to the 31st, December, 2005. And we came to some conclusion about clinical tendencies as follows. Results and Conclusions : 1. Women had occupied more than men, and 14 persons in 20th were the most distribution of age. 2. In distribution of onset, less than 7 days was the most(58.8 %), followed by less then 28 days(20.6 %). 3. Most patients used western medical hospital(47.1 %) and oriental medical hospital(44.1 %) as primary hospital. 4. In chief complaint, cervical pain was most(32 cases, 94.1%), the others were low back pain(22 cases, 64.7 %), back pain(5 cases, 14.7 %), chest pain(5 cases, 14.7 %). 5. In treatment methods, acupuncture and physical therapy was most(33 cases, 97.1%), the others were Extract-med.(31 cases, 94.0%), electric-acupuncture(27 cases, 79.4%), Herb-med.(23 cases, 67.6%), Herb-acupuncture(l8 cases, 52.9%) and Taping therapy(15 cases, 44.1%). 6. In hospital days, days was most(l5 cases, 44.1%), the other were 15-21days(l2 cases, 35.3%). over the 29 days(4 cases, 11.8%) and 22-28 days(3 cases, 8.8%). 7. 34 patients were examined, and all cases were `improved`. And statistically significance compared after-treatment with before-treatment group(p

Effects of Dangguixu-san on acute lateral ankle sprain: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundAnkle sprain is a common musculoskeletal injury. In Korean medicine, blood stasis is thought to be the main cause of pain and swelling in patients with ankle sprain. Dangguixu-san (DS), a herbal extract, is widely used in Korean medicine for the treatment of traumatic ecchymosis and pain by promoting blood circulation and relieving blood stasis. However, the effects of DS on ankle sprain have not been evaluated in a randomized clinical trial. Here, we describe the protocol for a randomized controlled trial that will evaluate the efficacy and safety of DS for the treatment of ankle sprain.Methods/designIn this randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm clinical trial with a 1:1 allocation ratio, participants (n = 48) with acute lateral ankle sprain (ALAS) that occurred within 72 h before enrollment will be randomly assigned to a DS (n = 24) or a placebo (n = 24) group. Both groups will receive acupuncture treatment once a day for 5 days a week (excluding Saturday and Sunday) and the trial medication (DS/placebo capsule) three times a day for seven consecutive days. The primary outcome measure will be pain relief evaluated using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Secondary outcome measures will include Foot and Ankle Outcome Scores (FAOS), edema, European Quality of Life Five-Dimension-Five-Level Scale (EQ-5D-5 L) scores, and the number of recurrent ankle sprains. VAS, FAOS, edema, and EQ-5D-5 L scores will be recorded before, at the end of, and at 4 weeks after treatment completion. EQ-5D-5 L scores will be additionally recorded at 26 weeks after treatment completion. The number of recurrent ankle sprains will be recorded at 4, 8, 12, and 26 weeks after treatment completion.DiscussionThis study is expected to provide evidence regarding the efficacy, safety, and usefulness of DS for the treatment of ALAS.Trial registrationcris.nih.go.kr, registration number: KCT 0002374. Registered on 11 July, 2017 and approved by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (registration number, 31244).

Single-Dose Intramuscular Toxicity of Mahwangcheonoh Pharmacopuncture in a Rat Model - Toxicity of Mahwangcheonoh Pharmacopuncture in SD Rats -

Objectives: This study was conducted to analyze the single-dose toxicity and the safety of Mahwangcheonoh pharmacopuncture extracts. Methods: Six-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were used for this study. Doses of Mahwangcheonoh pharmacopuncture extracts were set at 0.25 mL (low-dose), 0.5 mL (medium-dose) and 1.0 mL (high-dose) for the test groups. A dose of 1.0 mL of normal saline solution was set for the control group. During 14 days, general symptoms, mortalities, and changes in hematology, blood biochemistry and histopathology of all rats were observed. Results: No death was observed in all test groups. Any abnormal symptom was not observed in all of the groups. No significant changes in weight between the control group and the test groups were observed. In addition, no significant differences in the hematology signs, the blood biochemistry levels and the histopathological signs related to the Mahwangcheonoh pharmacopuncture extracts injection were observed. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that Mahwangcheonoh pharmacopuncture at doses of 1.0 mL or less may be consider safe and non-toxic. So, it can be used for therapy of obesity sufficiently. But further studies on this subject must be performed to confirm and verify this conclusion.

A Retrospective Analysis of Patients’ Conditions Using Acupuncture in a Traditional Korean Medicine Hospital

Objective. The aim of this study was to identify the patient demographics, health issues, and type of acupuncture treatments who visited a traditional Korean medical hospital for acupuncture treatment. Methods. We retrospectively analysed the data using the electronic medical records (EMRs) of patients treated with at least one treatment of acupuncture from 1 January 2010 to December 2012 in the Chung-Ju Korean hospital at Semyung University. Results. The total number of identified patients was 1189 inpatients and 10138 outpatients. The 50–59 age group received acupuncture treatment in the hospital the most, followed by the 40–49 age group. Among the patients undergoing acupuncture treatment because of a diagnosis of pain, 82.74% were outpatients and 72.85% were inpatients. Additionally, all patients with a spine condition received acupuncture treatment. The most common musculoskeletal conditions of patients at the traditional Korean medicine (TKM) hospital were associated with spine conditions, such as low back pain and neck pain. Various treatments have been performed at the hospital in conjunction with acupuncture. The study results show a high prevalence of acupuncture treatment for diagnosed diseases. Conclusion. Our study suggests the need to investigate additional TKM hospitals to analyse characteristics of patients who received specific treatments. Analysis of the characteristics of patients treated with Korean acupuncture at the TKM hospital in this study will help future researchers who want to implement strong clinical evidence. However, we cannot completely discount all symptoms because of the retrospective nature of this study, and only one hospital was used, which limits the generalisation of our findings.