Eunice Carrilho

Quantitative scintigraphic analysis of pulp revascularization in autotransplanted teeth in dogs

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pulpal changes associated with autogenous single-rooted immature tooth transplantation in dogs, using either one, or two-stage surgical techniques. METHODS Teeth from 3 beagle dogs, 5 months old, were extracted and transplanted to mechanically prepared recipient sockets. Group (A), where the teeth were transplanted using a one-stage method to recipient beds prepared immediately before transplantation. Group (B), where the teeth were transplanted using a two-stage method in which the recipient beds were prepared and left to heal for 7 days before transplantation. Clinical examinations were done every week during 9 weeks. After 9 weeks, the animals were injected with ⁹⁹(m)Technetium hydroxylmethylene diphosphonate (⁹⁹(m)Tc-HMDP) and 3h after injection, a whole body scintigraphic acquisition was performed. After scintigraphic acquisition the animals were euthanized and the teeth extracted and its radioactivity counted in a well counter calibrated to ⁹⁹(m)Tc. With the data obtained, the percentage of activity injected was calculated for each tooth. The data for each group of teeth were evaluated and analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test (p=0.05). RESULTS All the transplanted teeth in both groups survived. No statistically significant difference was found in the absorption of the ⁹⁹(m)Tc-HMDP, between the treatment groups (p=0.464) and between them and the control group (Group A vs. control p=0.713 and Group B vs. control p=0.157). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that there was no difference between the two surgical techniques in terms of the pulp revascularization in transplanted teeth.

Reabilitações Estéticas Complexas Baseadas na Proporção Aúrea

Resumo As definicoes das leis da beleza e harmonia foram uma constante preocupacao dos filosofos e matematicos gregos. Para eles, a conexao da beleza com os valores numericos, segue a filosofia de que a beleza e sempre fundamentalmente exacta. Este pressuposto baseia-se na teoria da divina proporcao ou proporcao aurea, a qual foi formulada por Pitagoras a partir de elementos utilizados por Euclides, em que duas partes desiguais possuem relacoes harmonicas. Objectivos da apresentacao Esta apresentacao tem como objectivo efectuar uma revisao sobre os varios metodos de calculo da divina proporcao, para facilitar reabilitacoes complexas de dentes anteriores assimetricos. Materiais Os casos clinicos efectuados utilizaram varios sistemas adesivos (Prime& Bond ® - Dentsply; One Coat Bond ® - Coltene/Whaladent) e de resinas compostas indicadas para dentes anteriores (Artemis ® - Ivoclar/Vivadent, Miris ® - Coltene/Whaladent; Ceram X Duo ® - Dentsply; Enamel HFO Plus - Micerium). Metodos Os valores lineares da proporcao aurea podem ser aplicados nas formas unilateral e bilateral, de acordo com as variacoes das relacoes quantitativas das composicoes dentaria, dentofacial e facial. Esta apresentacao baseia-se numa analise bibliografica qualificada e variada de 1996–2005, de publicacoes de varios autores e artigos cientificos publicados em revistas da especialidade. Conclusao Os metodos de calculo utilizados para a realizacao das restauracoes anteriores complexas, descritos nesta apresentacao, facilitam a obtencao da harmonia e simetria finais, diminuindo o tempo de acabamento, consequentemente o tempo de cadeira.

Effects on gastric mucosa induced by dental bleaching – an experimental study with 6% hydrogen peroxide in rats

The value of aesthetic dentistry has precipitated several developments in the investigation of dental materials related to this field. The free marketing of these products is a problem and it is subject to various interpretations regarding its legality. There are several techniques for tooth whitening, the most used one being the external bleaching. It is the later version of such technique that poses the greatest danger of ingesting the product. The present study analysed the systemic effect of these products when they are swallowed. Objective This experimental study aimed to observe the effects of a tooth whitening product, whose active agent is 6% hydrogen peroxide, on the gastric mucosa of healthy and non-tumour gastric pathology animals. Material and Methods Fifty Wistar-Han rats were used and then distributed into 5 groups, one for control and four test groups in which the bleaching product was administered in animals with and without non-tumour gastric pathology (induced by the administration of 1 sample of 50% ethanol and 5% of drinking water during 6 days) at different times of study by gavage. There was a decrease in body weight in animals of groups handled during the study period, which was most pronounced in IV and VA groups. Changes in spleen weight relative to body weight revealed no statistically significant changes. An analysis of the frequency was performed on the results of macroscopic observation of the gastric mucosa. Results The gastric mucosa revealed lesions in all manipulated groups, being more frequent in groups III and IV. It appears that there is a synergism when using hydrogen peroxide and 50% ethanol in the same group. Conclusion Therefore, it seems that there are some signs of toxicity 3 to 4 days after administration of 6% hydrogen peroxide. The prescription of these therapies must be controlled by the clinician and the risks must be minimized.

Therapies for White Spot Lesions—A Systematic Review

Introduction The first sign of dental caries is denoted by white spot lesions (WSLs) which can be defined as a demineralization of the enamel surface and subsurface, although these lesions can be reversed and do not form cavities. The aim of this systematic review was investigate which remineralization agents are effective for the treatment of WSLs. Materials and Methods For this systematic review a literature search was conducted on Pubmed, Cochrane Library and ScienceDirect. Results The initial search resulted in 273 references. After elimination of duplicate articles, 236 references remained. After reading titles and abstracts, all non‐relevant results were excluded, resulting in 45 potentially relevant studies. After reading the full text, 13 references were included. Conclusion More studies are required for scientific evidence in order to reach a conclusion of the most suitable therapeutic method for the treatment of surface and subsurface demineralization of the enamel.

Evaluation of dentin formed in autogenous tooth transplantation in the dog: a comparison between one- and two-stage surgical techniques

This study was designed to compare the thickness of dentin formed associated with autogenous tooth transplantation in dogs, using either one- or two-stage surgical techniques. The study consisted of three Beagles, older than 5 months, in which six incisors and six premolars were transplanted to mechanically prepared recipient sockets. One group was transplanted using a one-stage method to recipient beds prepared immediately before transplantation. The second groups of teeth were transplanted using a two-stage method in which the recipient beds were prepared and left to heal for 7 days before transplantation. Dogs were injected with xylenol orange, calcein and oxytetracycline at 2 days before, 3 and 9 weeks after transplantation, respectively, for vital staining. Clinical examinations were carried out every week, and the animals were euthanized 9 weeks later. The jaws were resected, fixed in formaldehyde and embedded in resin. Undemineralized sections were cut and examined by fluorescent microscopy. The thickness of dentin formed in the third week after transplantation and 9 weeks was evaluated by undertaking histomorphometric analysis and analysed using the Mann-Whitney U test (P = 0.05). All the transplanted teeth in both groups survived, and the dentin was formed. No statistically significant difference was found in the thickness of dentin formed in the third week and formed in the third to ninth week between the treatment groups (P = 0.999 and P = 0.998, respectively). This study demonstrated that there was no difference between the two surgical techniques in terms of the thickness of dentin formed in transplanted teeth.

Reabsorção Radicular Interna

Resumo As reabsorcoes radiculares internas constituem situacoes clinicas raras, nos dentes permanentes. Sao caracterizadas por um alargamento localizado no espaco pulpar, de forma oval. A reabsorcao radicular externa, que e muito mais comum, e com frequencia confundida com a interna. Para evitar erros de tratamento, e imperioso realizar um diagnostico diferencial correcto.

Dental caries and bacterial load in saliva and dental biofilm of type 1 diabetics on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion

Abstract Objectives Since most of the studies evaluates diabetics on multiple daily injections therapy and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion may help gain better metabolic control and prevent complications, the objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of dental caries, the unstimulated salivary flow rate and the total bacteria load, Streptococcus spp. levels and Lactobacillus spp. levels in saliva and supragingival dental biofilm of type 1 diabetics on insulin pump. Material and Methods Sixty patients with type 1 diabetes on insulin pump and 60 nondiabetic individuals were included. The dental caries evaluation was performed using ICDAS and the oral hygiene was assessed according to Greene and Vermillion Simplified Oral Hygiene Index. Unstimulated saliva and supragingival dental biofilm were collected. Total bacteria, Streptococcus spp. and Lactobacillus spp. was quantified by qPCR. Results Patients with type 1 diabetes had a higher prevalence of dental caries and filled and missing teeth when compared with the control group. These patients were associated with more risk factors for the development of dental caries, namely a lower unstimulated salivary flow rate and a higher bacterial load in saliva and dental biofilm. Conclusion Some risk factors related to dental caries were associated with type 1 diabetics. An early diagnosis combined with the evaluation of the risk profile of the diabetic patient is imperative, allowing the dental caries to be analyzed through a perspective of prevention and the patient to be integrated into an individualized oral health program.

Efficacy of Rapid Maxillary Expansion in the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: A Systematic Review With Meta-analysis

Objective The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) in the treatment of OSAS in children and adolescents. Methods Five electronic databases were searched systematically: PubMed, Web of Science, LILACS, Embase and Cochrane Library. Selection Criteria Randomized controlled trials, nonrandomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and systematic reviews published in English, Spanish, or Portuguese between January 2000 and December 2016, performed on children and adolescents younger than 18 years with OSAS who underwent RME, and assessing RME efficacy as measured by the Apnea‐Hypopnea Index (AHI) normalization were included. Qualitative assessment of the selected studies was performed using Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklists. Statistical evaluation included 2 meta‐analyses and was based on a random‐effects model and Cochrans Q test and I2 statistics to assess heterogeneity across the publications. Electronic searches identified 84 publications. Five publications were considered valid and included in this systematic review. Results Results from the meta‐analysis show an overall reduction in AHI after RME therapy. Conclusions Increasingly the evidence indicates that RME devices reduce AHI in children with OSAS, making RME therapy an appropriate alternative treatment option for these patients.

Roughness and microhardness of composites after different bleaching techniques

Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the roughness and microhardness of SonicFill™ (Kerr), and compare it with Filtek™ Supreme XTE (3M ESPE) after 2 bleaching regimens. Methods Sixty cylindrical specimens (10 × 2 mm) of each of the 2 composites were prepared and divided into 6 groups (n = 20): groups 1, 2: no treatment; groups 3, 4: 10% carbamide peroxide (CP); and groups 5, 6: 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) plus LED. After treatments, specimens were thermocycled (500 cycles, 5°C/55°C, dwell time 30 minutes). A mechanical roughness tester was employed to measure the surface roughness parameters and the Vickers test to measure microhardness. One-way ANOVA, Tukey and Bonferroni methods with a significance level of 5% were used for the statistical analysis. Results For SonicFill™, there was no statistically significant difference in microhardness between the control group (no. 1) and the bleached groups (nos. 3, 5), but there was difference between CP and HP treatments; for Filtek™ Supreme XTE, there was no significant difference in microhardness among all groups. There was no significant difference in average roughness (Ra) and the root mean square of the roughness (Rq) among all groups. The mean roughness depth (Rz) parameter showed no statistically significant differences among all groups for SonicFill™, but in Filtek™ Supreme XTE, there was a significant increase between control and bleaching treatments; roughness skewness (Rsk) showed no statistically significant differences among all groups for SonicFill™ and Filtek™ Supreme XTE, except for nos. 2 and 4, where the Rsk increased with CP. Conclusions The microhardness of Filtek™ Supreme XTE is less affected by bleaching than that of SonicFill™. Both bleaching treatments affect Rz in Filtek™ Supreme XTE in contrast to SonicFill™, but only the CP treatment affects the Rsk of Filtek™ Supreme XTE, with no significant effect of SonicFill™.

Restaurações Seriadas em Dentes Posteriores com Recurso às Matrizes Oclusais

Resumo: As resinas compostas tornaram-se, nos ultimos tempos, o material restaurador mais utilizado para dentes posteriores. A busca constante da reproducao da anatomia oclusal nesses casos e um dos maiores desafios para se obter um resultado satisfatorio. A tecnica da matriz oclusal confeccionada com polivinil siloxano transparente, cujo objectivo e a copia da superficie oclusal foi proposta para se obter uma melhoria na anatomia final da restauracao e, ainda, diminuir a fase de acabamento e polimento e o tempo clinico empregue. Sendo assim, o objectivo deste artigo e descrever passo a passo a tecnica usada em restauracoes de dentes posteriores seriadas e concluimos que e um metodo confiavel e previsivel para a reconstrucao da anatomia oclusal, obtendo assim, um melhor acabamento e polimento, sem necessidade de realizar desgastes finais. Palavras-Chave: Dentes posteriores; Estetica; Matriz oclusal; Resina composta