Eunji Lee

Design Thinking Methods and Tools for Innovation

Design thinking (DT) is regarded as a system of three overlapping spaces—viability, desirability, and feasibility—where innovation increases when all three perspectives are addressed. Understanding how innovation within teams can be supported by DT methods and tools captivates the interest of business communities. This paper aims to examine how DT methods and tools foster innovation in teams. A case study approach, based on two workshops, examined three DT methods with a software tool. The findings support the use of DT methods and tools as a way of incubating ideas and creating innovative solutions within teams when team collaboration and software limitations are balanced. The paper proposes guidelines for utilizing DT methods and tools in innovation projects.

Identifying Key Components of Services in Healthcare in the context of out-patient in Norway

This paper discusses components of service in healthcare. Four components of a service (service customer, service worker, service setting and service process) were introduced. Yet these components have not been explored in healthcare cases. We identified the key components through our case study with out-patient histories, involving electronic health record systems. Based on our analysis we propose a set of components to be considered for designing stakeholder-centred services in healthcare. The result of this study might be useful to the health informatics researchers to better understand the service interactions in today’s healthcare in a more analytic and holistic way by taking the service engineering perspective, at the same time to the service engineering or design researchers to have a deeper insight of the services in healthcare and the components to be considered when designing the services.

Combining multivariate statistics and the think-aloud protocol to assess Human-Computer Interaction barriers in symptom checkers

Symptom checkers are software tools that allow users to submit a set of symptoms and receive advice related to them in the form of a diagnosis list, health information or triage. The heterogeneity of their potential users and the number of different components in their user interfaces can make testing with end-users unaffordable. We designed and executed a two-phase method to test the respiratory diseases module of the symptom checker Erdusyk. Phase I consisted of an online test with a large sample of users (n=53). In Phase I, users evaluated the system remotely and completed a questionnaire based on the Technology Acceptance Model. Principal Component Analysis was used to correlate each section of the interface with the questionnaire responses, thus identifying which areas of the user interface presented significant contributions to the technology acceptance. In the second phase, the think-aloud procedure was executed with a small number of samples (n=15), focusing on the areas with significant contributions to analyze the reasons for such contributions. Our method was used effectively to optimize the testing of symptom checker user interfaces. The method allowed kept the cost of testing at reasonable levels by restricting the use of the think-aloud procedure while still assuring a high amount of coverage. The main barriers detected in Erdusyk were related to problems understanding time repetition patterns, the selection of levels in scales to record intensities, navigation, the quantification of some symptom attributes, and the characteristics of the symptoms.

Using Critical Incidents in Workshops to Inform eHealth Design.

Demands for technological solutions to address the variety of problems in healthcare have increased. The design of eHealth is challenging due to e.g. the complexity of the domain and the multitude of stakeholders involved. We describe a workshop method based on Critical Incidents that can be used to reflect on, and critically analyze, different experiences and practices in healthcare. We propose the workshop format, which was used during a conference and found very helpful by the participants to identify possible implications for eHealth design, that can be applied in future projects. This new format shows promise to evaluate eHealth designs, to learn from patients’ real stories and case studies through retrospective meta-analyses, and to inform design through joint reflection of understandings about users’ needs and issues for designers.

Empowering Patients with Longterm Conditions by Supporting Development of e-Personal Goals

Citation for published version (APA): Lee, E., Gammon, D., Kayser, L., & Rosvold Berntsen, G. K. (2017). Empowering Patients with Longterm Conditions by Supporting Development of e-Personal Goals. In R. Engelbrecht, R. Balicer, & M. HercigonjaSzekeres (Eds.), The Practice of Patient Centered Care: Empowering and Engaging Patients in the Digital Era (Vol. 244, pp. 103-103). IOS Press. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics https://doi.org/10.3233/978-161499-824-2-103

Describing Service Performances: What Are the Challenges?

To enhance operational sustainability of services, service quality is needed to be monitored. Expected and experienced service can be compared to evaluate service quality. Service performances involves a sequence of events with many details; describing performances can therefore be challenging. Several methods and tools supporting description of service performances have been introduced. However, there has been little attention on which methods or tools are used in practice and what are the challenges. We conducted an online-based survey with fifty-four people working in service design and development in Norway. We found that there is a need for standardised and consistent methods that can illustrate different communication channels in service delivery processes and support description of both the details and whole process in an intuitive manner. Having a standardised software tool and the guideline, which support illustration of service delivery processes, will be a possible way to overcome the challenges.