Eva Candráková

THE INFLUENCE OF YEAR-ROUND WEATHER CONDITIONS AND FERTILIZATION ON THE PHYTOMASS YIELD OF AMARANTH (AMARANTHUS L.)

Abstract In the years 2010 and 2011, a field trial was established in the administrative area Kolinany, Barack farm. We evaluated the growth of aboveground phytomass depending on different levels of fertilization. In the climatically unbalanced growing years, the phytomass yield of amaranth was different. Extremely wet conditions during the growing season exceeding long-term normal precipitation confirmed the assumption of high growth of aboveground phytomass in the observed amaranth genotype. In 2010, the highest amaranth aboveground dry matter in phytomass reached 3231.40 g m2 in the variant with the fertilization dose of 150 kg ha-1. In the climatically different year 2011 with lower precipitation, the highest aboveground phytomass yield of 3956.95 g m2 was reached in the fertilized variant as well.

THE INFLUENCE OF SOIL CULTIVATION AND FERTILIZATION ON THE YIELD AND PROTEIN CONTENT IN SEEDS OF COMMON PEA (PISUM SATIVUM L.)

Abstract The aim of this study is to assess the effect of different soil tillage in the interaction with fertilization and the use of post-harvest residues on yield and protein content in pea seeds, variety Dunaj. The field experiment was established in years 2009–2011 on Experimental Base of the Slovak University of Agriculture in Dolná Malanta. There were evaluated based upon three soil tillage methods (B1 – conventional tillage, B2 – reduced tillage, B3 – minimal tillage) and three treatments of fertilization (0 – unfertilized control, MF – balance fertilization by mineral fertilizers based on soil analysis and planned pea yield (3 t/ha), PHR – balance fertilization by mineral fertilizers + incorporation of post-harvest residues). Significantly higher seed yield was achieved at reduced tillage (3.28 t/ha) than conventional (3.12 t/ha) and minimized tillage (3.08 t/ha); however, most significantly, higher protein content in average of treatments was determined in conventional tillage (23.38%). Most significantly, negative linear correlation (r = −0.948⊕⊕⊕) was determined between the yield and crude protein content in pea seeds. Fertilized treatments reached highly significant higher yields of common pea than unfertilized control. Compared with the control, average yield was higher by 10.3% – 15.1%. Significantly higher crude protein contents by 0.86% (PHR) and 1.27% (MF) were reached on unfertilized treatments than on fertilized one. The highest content of crude protein (24.14%) and the highest production of it per hectare (759 kg/ha) were determined in treatment with post harvest residues ploughed into soil. Over an average of 3 years, the highest profit (163.87 €/ha) and return (30.7%) was achieved from the pea grown using fertilizing treatments (FM and PHR) at minimal soil tillage and systematic use of mineral fertilizers.

The effect of fertilization on yield components and quality parameters of soybeans [(Glycine max (L.) Merr.)] seeds.

Field experiment was carry out at experimental farm Oponice (West Slovakia, 48° 28´N, 18° 9´E) ) in 2004-2007. The aim of the work was to evaluate the influence of nitrogen fertilization treatments on yield and yield component and selected quality parameters (proteins, oil, fibre, isoflavones) of soybeen seeds variety Korada, in agri-environmental condition of western part of Slovakia. The fertilization treatments were as follows: (I) unfertilized treatment; (II) application of nitrogen fertilizers LAV 27 % (ammonium nitrate with lime - 40 kg ha-1 nitrogen) in the vegetative stage V2; (III) Humix complet in split application of total dose 4 +4 L ha-1 applied in growth stage of V2 and in reproductive growth stage of R1 (beginning bloom). Humix complet contain bioactive ingredient and nutrients for plant nutrition with 2.5% of humic acids, 4.0% total N, 0.5 P2O5, 3% K2O, and micronutrients. Result showed the highest variation of pods per plant in dependence of year condition (range 17.8-24.7). No significant differences between numbers of seeds were noted (2.13-2.29). The split application of Humic complet significantly influence the higher number of pods per plant (24.8) while keeping the number of seeds per pod (2.13). The yield of seeds was significantly influenced by weather conditions (2.84 t ha-1 - 4.68 t ha-1) and by fertilization treatments. Supplemental ammonium nitrate with lime (treatments II) in the vegetative stage of V2 or Humix complet (treatment III) applied in V2 and R1 stages significantly increased yield of soybean seeds up to 3.91 t ha-1 and 4.27 t ha-1 with comparison to control treatment (3.49 t ha-1). Content of protein, oil and fibre was not significantly differing between fertilization treatments. In spite of significantly higher soybean yield in Humic complet treatment, content of protein (37.67%), oil (15.83%) and fibre (9.47%) was at the same level as lower yielded treatments. Soybean seeds from higher yielded fertilization treatments have significantly less content of isoflavones. Split application of Humic complet is effective method for improving yield of soybean seeds while maintaining the composition of protein oil and fibre.