Eva M. Schmid
University of California, Berkeley
Network
Latest external collaboration on country level. Dive into details by clicking on the dots.
Publication
Featured researches published by Eva M. Schmid.
Nature Cell Biology | 2012
Jeanne C. Stachowiak; Eva M. Schmid; Christopher J. Ryan; Hyoung Sook Ann; Darryl Y. Sasaki; Michael B. Sherman; Phillip L. Geissler; Daniel A. Fletcher; Carl C. Hayden
Curved membranes are an essential feature of dynamic cellular structures, including endocytic pits, filopodia protrusions and most organelles. It has been proposed that specialized proteins induce curvature by binding to membranes through two primary mechanisms: membrane scaffolding by curved proteins or complexes; and insertion of wedge-like amphipathic helices into the membrane. Recent computational studies have raised questions about the efficiency of the helix-insertion mechanism, predicting that proteins must cover nearly 100% of the membrane surface to generate high curvature, an improbable physiological situation. Thus, at present, we lack a sufficient physical explanation of how protein attachment bends membranes efficiently. On the basis of studies of epsin1 and AP180, proteins involved in clathrin-mediated endocytosis, we propose a third general mechanism for bending fluid cellular membranes: protein–protein crowding. By correlating membrane tubulation with measurements of protein densities on membrane surfaces, we demonstrate that lateral pressure generated by collisions between bound proteins drives bending. Whether proteins attach by inserting a helix or by binding lipid heads with an engineered tag, protein coverage above ~20% is sufficient to bend membranes. Consistent with this crowding mechanism, we find that even proteins unrelated to membrane curvature, such as green fluorescent protein (GFP), can bend membranes when sufficiently concentrated. These findings demonstrate a highly efficient mechanism by which the crowded protein environment on the surface of cellular membranes can contribute to membrane shape change.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | 2011
David L. Richmond; Eva M. Schmid; Sascha Martens; Jeanne C. Stachowiak; Nicole Liska; Daniel A. Fletcher
Growing knowledge of the key molecular components involved in biological processes such as endocytosis, exocytosis, and motility has enabled direct testing of proposed mechanistic models by reconstitution. However, current techniques for building increasingly complex cellular structures and functions from purified components are limited in their ability to create conditions that emulate the physical and biochemical constraints of real cells. Here we present an integrated method for forming giant unilamellar vesicles with simultaneous control over (i) lipid composition and asymmetry, (ii) oriented membrane protein incorporation, and (iii) internal contents. As an application of this method, we constructed a synthetic system in which membrane proteins were delivered to the outside of giant vesicles, mimicking aspects of exocytosis. Using confocal fluorescence microscopy, we visualized small encapsulated vesicles docking and mixing membrane components with the giant vesicle membrane, resulting in exposure of previously encapsulated membrane proteins to the external environment. This method for creating giant vesicles can be used to test models of biological processes that depend on confined volume and complex membrane composition, and it may be useful in constructing functional systems for therapeutic and biomaterials applications.
Molecular Biology of the Cell | 2017
Win Pin Ng; Kevin D. Webster; Caroline Stefani; Eva M. Schmid; Emmanuel Lemichez; Patricia Bassereau; Daniel A. Fletcher
Transcellular tunnels in endothelial cells can be formed by leukocytes and pathogens as a way of crossing the endothelial barrier. Using force microscopy and fluorescence microscopy, we find that the actin cytoskeleton provides the primary mechanical barrier to transcellular tunnel formation, which can be overcome by force or by toxins.
Nature Physics | 2016
Eva M. Schmid; Matthew H. Bakalar; Kaushik Choudhuri; Julian Weichsel; Hyoung Sook Ann; Phillip L. Geissler; Michael L. Dustin; Daniel A. Fletcher
Methods in Cell Biology | 2015
Eva M. Schmid; David L. Richmond; Daniel A. Fletcher
Archive | 2012
Daniel A. Fletcher; Thomas H. Li; Sapun H. Parekh; Jeanne C. Stachowiak; Allen P. Liu; David L. Richmond; Eva M. Schmid
Cell | 2018
Matthew H. Bakalar; Aaron M. Joffe; Eva M. Schmid; Sungmin Son; Marija Podolski; Daniel A. Fletcher
Bulletin of the American Physical Society | 2016
Christopher G. Peel; Kaushik Choudhuri; Eva M. Schmid; Matthew H. Bakalar; Hyoung Sook Ann; Daniel A. Fletcher; Celine Journot; Andrew J. Turberfield; Mark I. Wallace; Michael L. Dustin
Molecular Biology of the Cell | 2014
Eva M. Schmid; Matthew H. Bakalar; Kaushik Choudhuri; J Weichsel; Hyoung Sook Ann; P L Geissler; Michael L. Dustin; Daniel A. Fletcher
Molecular Biology of the Cell | 2013
Eva M. Schmid; Matthew H. Bakalar; Kaushik Choudhuri; C G Peei; Hyoung Sook Ann; Michael L. Dustin; Daniel A. Fletcher