Eva Olofsson

Enhanced diabetes-induced cataract in copper-zinc superoxide dismutase-null mice

PURPOSE Oxidative stress is thought to contribute to diabetes-induced cataract, and the authors have previously demonstrated that lenses from mice lacking the antioxidant enzyme copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) show elevated levels of superoxide radicals and are more prone in vitro to develop glucose-induced cataract than are wild-type lenses. In the present study the effect of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus on cataract formation in SOD1-null and wild-type mice in vivo was examined. METHODS Eight weeks after diabetes was established by repeated intraperitoneal streptozotocin injections, the mice were killed and the lenses removed and photographed in retroillumination. The cataract was quantified from the photographs by digital image analysis and the lens contents of glutathione (GSH) as well as the lens protein carbonyl contents suggestive of protein oxidation were analyzed. RESULTS The streptozotocin-induced diabetic SOD1-null mice developed more cataract than the diabetic wild-type mice. Also, lens GSH levels were lower in the diabetic SOD1-null mice than in the nondiabetic SOD1-null mice. However, the protein carbonyls were equally raised in the diabetic mice of both genotypes. CONCLUSIONS The increased cataract formation and the compromised antioxidant capacity found in the diabetic SOD1-null lenses thus emphasize the involvement of superoxide radicals in diabetes-induced cataract.

Spill and Leakage Using a Drug Preparation System Based on Double-Filter Technology

Occupational exposure to cytotoxic drugs has frequently been reported during recent years. Various drug-handling systems have been applied to reduce the spill and leakage that cause this exposure. Some of these systems have also been tested for spill and leakage using independent test methods. In this paper, a new drug-handling system has been tested for spill and leakage during drug preparation. The handling system, Tevadaptortrade mark, was tested using a modification of an independent test method, the Technetium test method, based on the use of Technetium m-99 as tracer substance. The test results showed that the spill was <100 nl for all 75 preparations and was <1 nl for 70 of the preparations. This is comparable with other tested drug-handling system, e.g. isolators, PhaSealtrade mark. The test shows that the Tevadaptor drug-handling system has similar performance as drug-handling systems regarded as closed systems.

Enhanced age‐related cataract in copper‐zinc superoxide dismutase null mice

Background:  As the lens is constantly exposed to light and oxygen that generate harmful reactive oxygen species, the importance of the intracellular antioxidant enzyme copper‐zinc superoxide dismutase for the protection against age‐related cataract development was explored.

A breakthrough: women's football in Sweden.

This essay focuses on the development of womens football in Sweden between 1965 and 1980. The growth of modern womens football in Sweden was dependent on factors that were essentially extended to the football movement. However, the formation of teams, the establishment of leagues and so forth, were the results of formidable efforts by ‘pioneers’ within womens football. Leaders within mens football initially assumed a passive ‘wait-and-see’ attitude. Womens football challenged the masculine traditions of football in a manner that took the Swedish Football Association by surprise. When for various reasons the ‘waitand- see’ attitude became impossible to sustain, the Football Association decided to integrate womens football into the football movement. The purpose of this integration was to control the development of womens football and ensure that womens football would not have a detrimental effect on mens football with regard to material and nonmaterial resources.

The Swedish Sports Movement and the PE Teacher 1940–2003: From supporter to challenger

The Swedish Sports Confederation (RF) used to be the foremost advocate and defender of physical education (PE) as a subject and the work of PE teachers. This paper deals with the way in which this support manifested itself during 1940–2003 and is based on a discourse analysis of texts from RF. The analysis shows that RF has assigned three positions to PE teachers: instructor, recruiter, and health promoter. Sports leaders have gradually managed to occupy these positions, however, and as a result RFs interest in PE teachers and the PE subject has abated. The market adjustment of Swedish schools has made it possible for competitive sports to establish itself in schools side by side with compulsory PE. The study implies that gender equality is thus challenged. It is also an example of the fact that the boundaries between the private, non‐profit‐making, and public sectors have become fuzzy in Swedish schools.

Endophthalmitis after small‐gauge vitrectomy: a retrospective case series from Sweden

To investigate the anatomical and functional outcomes of acute‐onset endophthalmitis after small‐gauge vitrectomy.