Eva Schito

On Sustainable and Efficient Design of Ground-Source Heat Pump Systems

This paper is mainly aimed at stressing some fundamental features of the GSHP design and is based on a broad research we are performing at the University of Pisa. In particular, we focus the discussion on an environmentally sustainable approach, based on performance optimization during the entire operational life. The proposed methodology aims at investigating design and management strategies to find the optimal level of exploitation of the ground source and refer to other technical means to cover the remaining energy requirements and modulate the power peaks. The method is holistic, considering the system as a whole, rather than focusing only on some components, usually considered as the most important ones. Each subsystem is modeled and coupled to the others in a full set of equations, which is used within an optimization routine to reproduce the operative performances of the overall GSHP system. As a matter of fact, the recommended methodology is a 4-in-1 activity, including sizing of components, lifecycle performance evaluation, optimization process, and feasibility analysis. The paper reviews also some previous works concerning possible applications of the proposed methodology. In conclusion, we describe undergoing research activities and objectives of future works.

Thermal Characterization of Energy Pile Dynamics

The heat transfer process in energy piles is strongly affected by the heat capacity of such foundation elements. This phenomenon is more pronounced for energy piles compared to borehole heat exchangers, because of the lower slenderness of the former compared to the latter, and involves axial thermal gradients. In literature, capacity effects of energy piles and their transient thermal performance have not been analysed in depth. Looking at such challenge, this paper investigates the dynamic thermal performance of energy piles at short-to-medium time scales. The work analyses the results of almost thirty 3D finite element simulations of an energy pile equipped with 3-U ducts by varying: (i) the velocity of the fluid circulating in the ducts, (ii) the slenderness ratio of the pile, (iii) the radial position of the ducts, and (iv) the boundary condition characterizing the uppermost surface of the model. Simulation results are analysed to identify for which times, geometries, and operative conditions the energy pile can be modelled with a 2D geometry, instead of a full 3D geometry. Our analysis highlights a limited relevance of the axial effects during the transient period in any tested configuration. These results are functional to the application of simplified analytical models and design criteria for energy piles.