Evarist Palushani

640 Gbit/s and 1.28 Tbit/s polarisation insensitive all optical wavelength conversion

We report the first demonstration of polarisation insensitive all-optical wavelength conversion (AOWC) for single wavelength channel 640 Gbit/s return-to-zero differential-phase-shift-keying (RZ-DPSK) signal and 1.28 Tbit/s polarisation multiplexed (Pol-Mux) RZ-DPSK signals using a 100-m polarisation-maintaining highly nonlinear fiber (PM-HNLF) in a polarisation diversity loop configuration. The AOWC is based on four-wave mixing in PM-HNLF. Error free performance is achieved for the wavelength converted signals. Less than 0.5 dB polarisation sensitivity is obtained.

Transmission of Single-Channel 16-QAM Data Signals at Terabaud Symbol Rates

We present latest results for OTDM transmission systems in combination with digital coherent detection achieving record-high serial data rates in a single-wavelength channel. We show serial data transmission of 5.1 Tb/s (640 GBd) over 80-km and 10.2 Tb/s (1.28 TBd) over 29-km dispersion managed fiber (DMF). For 5.1-Tb/s transmission over 80-km DMF, the BER of all 128 OTDM-tributaries (both polarizations) is found to be below the hard-decision FEC-threshold, corresponding to an error-free net data rate of 4.8 Tb/s. In a 10.2-Tb/s experiment, the BER of all 256 TDM-tributaries (both polarizations) is found to be below the FEC-threshold in the back-to-back configuration. This translates to an error-free net data rate of 9.5 Tb/s. After transmission over a 29-km DMF negligible pulse broadening and a BER below the FEC limit is found.

Photonic chip based transmitter optimization and receiver demultiplexing of a 1.28 Tbit/s OTDM signal

We demonstrate chip-based Tbaud optical signal processing for all-optical performance monitoring, switching and demultiplexing based on the instantaneous Kerr nonlinearity in a dispersion-engineered As(2)S(3) planar waveguide. At the Tbaud transmitter, we use a THz bandwidth radio-frequency spectrum analyzer to perform all-optical performance monitoring and to optimize the optical time division multiplexing stages as well as mitigate impairments, for example, dispersion. At the Tbaud receiver, we demonstrate error-free demultiplexing of a 1.28 Tbit/s single wavelength, return-to-zero signal to 10 Gbit/s via four-wave mixing with negligible system penalty (< 0.5 dB). Excellent performance, including high four-wave mixing conversion efficiency and no indication of an error-floor, was achieved. Our results establish the feasibility of Tbaud signal processing using compact nonlinear planar waveguides for Tbit/s Ethernet applications.

Single wavelength channel 10.2 Tb/s TDM-data capacity using 16-QAM and coherent detection

We present a serial 10.2-Tb/s transmission-system using a 1.28-TBd RZ-16-QAM signal, polarization multiplexing and ultra-fast coherent demultiplexing. Considering FEC-overhead, we achieve a record error-free net data rate of 9.5-Tb/s and transmission over 29-km.

OTDM-to-WDM Conversion Based on Time-to-Frequency Mapping by Time-Domain Optical Fourier Transformation

This paper reports on the utilization of the time-domain optical Fourier transformation (OFT) technique for serial-to-parallel conversion of optical time division multiplexed (OTDM) data tributaries into dense wavelength division multiplexed (DWDM) channels. The OFT is implemented by using a dispersive medium followed by phase modulation; the latter being achieved by a four-wave mixing process with linearly chirped pump pulses. Both numerical and experimental investigations of the OTDM-to-WDM conversion technique are carried out. Experimental validations are performed on 320- and 640-Gbit/s OTDM data with error-free performance.

Ultra-high-speed optical serial-to-parallel data conversion by time-domain optical Fourier transformation in a silicon nanowire

We demonstrate conversion from 64 × 10 Gbit/s optical time-division multiplexed (OTDM) data to dense wavelength division multiplexed (DWDM) data with 25 GHz spacing. The conversion is achieved by time-domain optical Fourier transformation (OFT) based on four-wave mixing (FWM) in a 3.6 mm long silicon nanowire. A total of 40 out of 64 tributaries of a 64 × 10 Gbit/s OTDM-DPSK data signal are simultaneously converted with a bit-error rate (BER) performance below the 2 × 10(-3) FEC limit. Using a 50 m long highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF) for higher FWM conversion efficiency, 43 tributaries of a 64 × 10 Gbit/s OTDM-OOK data signal are converted with error-free performance (BER<10(-9)).

Switching characteristics of an InP photonic crystal nanocavity: Experiment and theory

The dynamical properties of an InP photonic crystal nanocavity are experimentally investigated using pump-probe techniques and compared to simulations based on coupled-mode theory. Excellent agreement between experimental results and simulations is obtained when employing a rate equation model containing three time constants, that we interpret as the effects of fast carrier diffusion from an initially localized carrier distribution and the slower effects of surface recombination and bulk recombination. The variation of the time constants with parameters characterizing the nanocavity structure is investigated. The model is further extended to evaluate the importance of the fast and slow carrier relaxation processes in relation to patterning effects in the device, as exemplified by the case of all-optical wavelength conversion.

Photonic chip based 1.28 Tbaud transmitter optimization and receiver OTDM demultiplexing

We propose chip-based Tbaud processing for all-optical performance monitoring, switching and demultiplexing. We demonstrate the first transmitter optimization and receiver-end demultiplexing of 1.28 Tbit/s OOK signals. Both exploited Kerr nonlinearity in dispersion-engineered As2S3 planar waveguide.

320 Gb/s Nyquist OTDM received by polarization-insensitive time-domain OFT

We have demonstrated the generation of a 320 Gb/s Nyquist-OTDM signal by rectangular filtering on an RZ-OTDM signal with the filter bandwidth (320 GHz) equal to the baud rate (320 Gbaud) and the reception of such a Nyquist-OTDM signal using polarization-insensitive time-domain optical Fourier transformation (TD-OFT) followed by passive filtering. After the time-to-frequency mapping in the TD-OFT, the Nyquist-OTDM signal with its characteristic sinc-shaped time-domain trace is converted into an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal with sinc-shaped spectra for each subcarrier. The subcarrier frequency spacing of the converted OFDM signal is designed to be larger than the transform-limited case, here 10 times greater than the symbol rate of each subcarrier. Therefore, only passive filtering is needed to extract the subcarriers of the converted OFDM signal. In addition, a polarization diversity scheme is used in the four-wave mixing (FWM) based TD-OFT, and less than 0.5 dB polarization sensitivity is demonstrated in the OTDM receiver.

Polarization-Insensitive 640 Gb/s Demultiplexing Based on Four Wave Mixing in a Polarization-Maintaining Fibre Loop

Polarization-insensitive 640 Gbit/s demultiplexing for OTDM data signals is demonstrated using a 100 m polarization-maintaining highly non-linear fibre. The scheme is based on four wave mixing (FWM) in a polarization-maintaining fibre loop (PMFL) with bidirectional operation. Less than 0.2 dB polarization dependence is obtained. The FWM efficiency is about -6 dB if the passive loss of the PMFL is not included. The flatness characteristic of the FWM efficiencies allows for the OTDM demultiplexing of a high speed signal with a bandwidth of 1.2 THz. Error free performance with low penalty for the demultiplexed 10 Gbit/s signal is achieved for the polarization scrambled 640 Gbit/s data signal. BER measurements and eye-diagrams show that the demultiplexed 10 Gbit/s signals with and without polarization scrambling have almost identical performance.