Evelise Aline Soares

Effects of ethanol on the osteogenesis around porous hydroxyapatite implants

Alcohol consumption compromises bone tissue, and thus may either impair or stop the fixation and maintenance of osseointegrated implants. To evaluate the effects of 5% and 15% ethanol on bone neoformation around porous hydroxiapatite implants. Fifteen rats were separated into 3 groups of 5 animals each: control (CT); 5% alcohol (A); and 15% alcohol (AA). After four weeks of ethanol consumption, the rats received porous hydroxiapatite implants into surgically made cavities in the femur. After surgery, the animals continued to consume ethanol until day 90 of the experiment, when they were euthanised and their femurs removed for histological processing. Bone tissue was found around the ceramic specimens of all the animals. The largest volume of neoformed bone around ceramic specimens occurred in the CT group, and the smallest in the AA group, followed by the A group. It was concluded that ethanol consumption produced a negative effect on osteogenesis around hydroxyapatite implants. Even small doses, such as the 5% ethanol dilution can interfere with bone repair.

Metabolic and structural bone disturbances induced by hyperlipidic diet in mice treated with simvastatin

Simvastatin can modulate lipid and bone metabolism. However, information related to the interaction between diet and simvastatin on bone structure and biomechanics is scarce. Thus, this study evaluated the effects of simvastatin on femoral biomechanics and cortical/trabecular bone structure in wild‐type mice nourished with a hyperlipidic diet. Three‐month‐old male wild‐type mice (C57BL6 strain) were divided into four groups: (1) group W, nourished with a standard diet; (2) group WH, fed a hyperlipidic diet; (3) group WS, nourished with a standard diet plus oral simvastatin (20 mg/kg/day); and (4) group WHS, fed a hyperlipidic diet plus oral simvastatin (20 mg/kg/day). All animals received only their specific diet and water for 60 days. Blood samples were collected for the analysis of calcium, triglycerides, total cholesterol (TC) and fraction serum levels. Diet manipulation was able to induce a dyslipidaemic status in mice, characterized by triglyceride and TC rise in WH animals. Simvastatin prevented hypercholesterolaemia and reduced TC and LDL serum levels, but did not prevent hypertriglyceridaemia and HDL serum levels in the WHS group. In the WH mice the hyperlipidaemia was associated with reduction in trabecular bone thickness, femur structural and material property alterations. Simvastatin prevented these morphological alterations and minimized femur biomechanical changes in WHS mice. Taken together, the results indicated that the hyperlipidic diet intake acts as a risk factor for bone integrity, generating bones with reduced resistance and more susceptible to fractures, an effect attenuated by simvastatin that is potentially related to the modulatory action of this drug on lipid and bone metabolism.

Efeito anti-inflamatório da lipoproteína de alta densidade no sistema cardiovascular de camundongos hiperlipidêmicos

Resumo Fundamento Camundongos knouckout para o gene do receptor de lipoproteina de baixa densidade (LDLr−/−) sao hiperlipidemicos espontâneos e resistentes ao desenvolvimento de lesoes neointimais. Objetivos O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar o fator que previne o processo inflamatorio, as lesoes neointimais cardiovasculares e a resistencia insulinica nos camundongos LDLr−/−. Material e metodos Utilizaram-se tres grupos experimentais de camundongos machos com tres meses de idade: Grupo WT, camundongos selvagens; Grupo S, camundongos LDLr−/− que receberam racao padrao; Grupo HL, camundongos LDLr−/− que receberam racao hiperlipidica. Apos 15 dias, o sangue foi coletado para analise plasmatica dos lipideos, glicose e insulina. O indice de Homa foi calculado para determinar a resistencia a insulina. O coracao e aorta foram removidos e processados histologicamente. Cortes histologicos do coracao foram processados imunoistoquimicamente com anticorpo anti-CD40L para avaliar a presenca de processo inflamatorio. Cortes histologicos das arterias foram corados com hematoxilina/eosina e picrosirius red para avaliar alteracoes morfologicas e morfometricas. Resultados Os camundongos S foram resistentes ao processo inflamatorio, caracterizado por baixa imunorreatividade para o CD40L, com niveis plasmaticos de HDL elevados, e nao desenvolveram resistencia insulinica, mesmo com hiperlipidemia moderada em relacao aos WT. Os camundongos HL apresentaram uma hiperlipidemia grave, aumento na imunorreatividade cardiaca para o CD40L, pronunciadas alteracoes morfologicas na parede da aorta e resistencia insulinica, associadas a um decrescimo nos niveis plasmaticos do HDL em relacao aos S. Esta hiperlipidemia grave dos camundongos HL pode ser considerada o fator metabolico indutor do maior estresse oxidativo no sistema cardiovascular, aumentando a peroxidacao lipidica da molecula de HDL e consequentemente sua remocao hepatica, com consequente diminuicao dos niveis plasmaticos do HDL. Conclusao O nivel plasmatico elevado de HDL e o fator protetor contra o desenvolvimento de processos inflamatorios cardiovasculares e resistencia insulinica nos camundongos LDLr−/−, impedindo o desenvolvimento das lesoes neointimais.

Time-Dependent Resolution of Collagen Deposition During Skin Repair in Rats: A Correlative Morphological and Biochemical Study.

Skin samples were used to compare microscopy methods used to quantify collagen with potential applicability to resolve time-dependent collagen deposition during skin wound healing in rats. Skin wounds by secondary intention were made in rats and tissue fragments were collected every 7 days for 21 days. Collagen content determined by biochemical analysis was compared with collagen measured by point counting (PC) on histological skin sections stained by Gomoris trichrome method (Trichrome/PC), Sirius red under polarized light (PL) microscopy (Sirius red/PL-PC), and computational color segmentation (CS) applied to sections stained with Sirius red (Sirius red/PL-CS). All microscopy methods investigated resolved the time-dependent dynamics of collagen deposition in scar tissue during skin wound healing in rats. Collagen content measured by Sirius red/PL-PC and Sirius red/PL-CS was significantly lower when compared with Trichrome/PC. The Trichrome/PC method provided overestimated values of collagen compared with biochemical analysis. In the early stages of wound healing, which shows high production of noncollagenous molecules, Sirius red/PL-CS and Sirius red/PL-PC methods were more suitable for quantification of collagen fibers. Trichrome staining did not allow clear separation between collagenous and noncollagenous elements in skin samples, introducing a marked bias in collagen quantification.

Efeitos do alcoolismo e da desintoxicação alcoólica sobre o reparo e biomecânica óssea

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of chronic ethanol consumption and alcohol detoxication on the mechanical resistance of bone and bone neoformation around dense hydroxyapatite implants (DHA) in rats. METHODS: Fifteen rats were separated into three groups: (1) control group (CT); (2) chronic alcoholic (CA), and (3) disintoxicated (DI). After four weeks, a DHA was implanted in the right tibia of the animals, and the CA group continued consuming ethanol, while the DI group started detoxication. The solid and liquid feeding of the animals was recorded, and a new alcohol dilution was effected every 48 hours. After 13 weeks, the animals were euthanized and their biological material was collected. RESULTS: Bone tissue was found around DHA in all the animals. Group CA showed less bone neoformation, lower levels of ionic and total calcium when compared to the animals of the CT and DI groups. The DI animals showed higher values in all the variables in relation to the CA group. CONCLUSION: Ethanol consumption interfered in osteogenesis around the DHA implants, and in calcium levels and mechanical bone resistance. Alcohol detoxication was effective, as it increased osteogenesis, DHA osteointegration, calcemia, and mechanical resistance of the bone. Level of Evidence: Level I, therapeutic studies

AVALIAÇÃO DA COMUNICAÇÃO VERBAL EQUIPE-PACIENTE COMATOSO NO CENTRO DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA (CTI)

Introducao: O coma e um estado clinico de inconsciencia no qual o paciente nao esta ciente de si mesmo ou do ambiente por periodos prolongados. Mesmo nesta condicao e fundamental que a equipe comunique aos pacientes os procedimentos medicos a serem realizados. Objetivo: Verificar se os profissionais da area de saude atuantes em um hospital universitario sul mineiro comunicavam verbalmente aos pacientes comatosos os procedimentos realizados. Material e Metodos: O estudo foi conduzido em um hospital universitario sul mineiro, fundamentado em uma analise da comunicacao verbal durante assistencia a pacientes comatosos por diversos profissionais da area de saude, seguindo o protocolo de CARDIM et al. (2004). Resultados: Verificou-se que 20,4% dos procedimentos foram comunicados aos pacientes comatosos e 79,60% foram executados sem comunicacao. Conclusao: A equipe medica e os demais profissionais nao estao utilizando comunicacao verbal para informar ou explicar os procedimentos a serem realizados no paciente em coma, tornando-se fundamental a humanizacao da assistencia.

Anti-inflammatory effect of high-density lipoprotein on the cardiovascular system of hyperlipidemic mice

Abstract Introduction LDLr-/- mice are spontaneously hyperlipidemic and resistant to the development of neointimal lesions. Objectives This study aimed to determine the factor that prevents the inflammatory process and neointimal lesions and insulin resistance in LDLr-/- mice. Methods Three groups of 3-month-old male mice were used: wild-type mice (WT group); LDLr-/- mice fed a standard diet (S group); and LDLr-/- mice fed a high-fat diet (HF group). After 15 days, blood was collected for analysis of plasma lipids, glucose and insulin. The HOMA index was calculated to determine insulin resistance. The heart and aorta were removed for histological study. Histological sections of the heart were processed immunohistochemically with anti-CD40L antibodies to evaluate the inflammatory process. Histological sections of the aorta were stained with hematoxylin/eosin and picrosirius red to assess morphological and morphometric alterations. Results The S mice were resistant to the inflammatory process, as shown by low immunoreactivity to CD40L, with high plasma HDL levels, and did not develop insulin resistance, even with moderate hyperlipidemia compared to WT. The HF mice showed severe hyperlipidemia, increased cardiac immunoreactivity to CD40L, pronounced morphological changes in the aortic wall and insulin resistance, associated with a decrease in plasma HDL levels, compared to S. This severe hyperlipidemia in the HF mice can be considered the major metabolic factor inducing oxidative stress in the cardiovascular system, increasing the lipid peroxidation of HDL and hence its removal by the liver, with consequent lowering of plasma HDL levels. Conclusion High HDL plasma levels are a protective factor against the development of cardiovascular inflammation and insulin resistance in LDLr-/- mice, preventing the development of neointimal lesions.

Effects of phenobarbital on bone repair and biomechanics in rats

OBJETIVO: Evaluar los efectos morfologicos del tratamiento con fenobarbital, sobre la neoformacion osea y sobre la biomecanica osea del hueso de ratas Wistar. METODOS: Fueron utilizadas diez ratas divididas en dos grupos: control (CT) y fenobarbital (FE). El grupo FE recibio dosis diarias de fenobarbital 0,035 ml/kg via intramuscular, por 60 dias. El grupo CT recibio la misma dosis y via de administracion de solucion fisiologica 0,9%. Despues de 30 dias, se realizo una falla osea en el hueso parietal e implanto la hidroxiapatita porosa (HAP) en cavidades en las tibias. Despues de las cirugias, se mantuvo los respectivos protocolos hasta completar 60 dias y de ser eutanasiados, siendo recolectados los huesos. RESULTADOS: El volumen de hueso formado alrededor HAP en la falla parietal y los hallazgos biomecanicos fueron menores en los animales del grupo FE en relacion al CT. CONCLUSION: El uso prolongado del fenobarbital interfiere en la reparacion osea despues de lesiones, disminuye la oseointegracion de implantes de HAP y vuelve a los huesos menos resistentes.

RISCOS PARA HIPERTENSÃO ARTERIAL EM UM GRUPO DE ESTUDANTES SULMINEIROS

INTRODUCAO – A hipertensao arterial nao e mais uma doenca exclusiva de adultos e idosos, pelo contrario, torna-se cada vez mais comum criancas com niveis pressoricos elevados, representado um risco potencial para as complicacoes associadas a doenca. OBJETIVOS - Investigar a prevalencia de fatores de risco para hipertensao arterial entre escolares do ensino fundamental de uma escola privada. MATERIAL E METODOS - Estudo de corte transversal, descritivo analitico de abordagem quantitativa realizado com 26 escolares do ensino fundamental, com idade entre 9 e 10 anos. A investigacao sobre os fatores de risco associados a elevacao da pressao arterial nos escolares dividiu-se em duas partes, na quais, aplicou-se um questionario semiestruturado junto aos pais e posteriormente foi realizado um exame fisico nos escolares. RESULTADOS - 15 (57,7%) eram do sexo feminino e 11 (42,3%) do sexo masculino. De acordo com o relato dos pais apenas 14 (53,84%) tinham a pressao arterial aferida com frequencia, por outro lado, apenas 10 (38,46%) confirmaram ter presenciado o pediatra aferir a pressao arterial da crianca durante as consultas medicas, 19 (73%) nunca passaram por uma avaliacao nutricional, 14 (53,8%) assinalaram mais de tres doencas no historico familiar. 16 (61,5%) criancas nunca foram avaliadas para deteccao de alteracoes nos valores glicemicos ou niveis de colesterol e 10 (38,5%) ja foram submetidos a exames, entre estes um (10%) apresentou valores glicemicos elevados, 11 (42,30%) dos escolares estavam com sobrepeso. CONCLUSAO - Os fatores de risco associados a elevacao da pressao arterial estavam presentes em boa parte dos individuos investigados. O desafio no controle dos niveis pressoricos e observado em todas as faixas etarias, entretanto, e fundamental que os estudos sirvam de subsidios para as intervencoes em saude baseada em evidencias junto as criancas.

Effects of ethanol consumption and alcohol detoxification on the biomechanics and morphology the bone in rat femurs

The objective of this study was to verify the effects of ethanol consumption and alcohol detoxification on the biomechanics, area and thickness of cortical and trabecular bone in rat femur. This was an experimental study in which 18 male Wistar rats were used, with 40 days of age, weighing 179 ± 2.5 g. The rats were divided into three groups (n=06): CT (control), AC (chronic alcoholic), DT (detoxification). After experimental procedures, the animals were euthanized by an overdose of the anesthetic and their femurs were collected for mechanical testing and histological processing. All animals did not present malnutrition or dehydration during experimentation period. Morphometric analysis of cortical and trabecular bones in rat femurs demonstrated that AC animals showed inferior dimensions and alcohol detoxification (DT) allowed an enhancement in area and thickness of cortical and trabecular bone. Material and structural properties data of AC group highlighted the harmful effects of ethanol on bone mechanical properties. The results of this study demonstrated that chronic alcoholic rats (AC) presented major bone damage in all analyzed variables. Those findings suggested that alcohol detoxification is highly suggested in pre-operative planning and this corroborates to the success of bone surgery and bone tissue repair. Thanks to the financial support offered by PROBIC - UNIFENAS.