F. Ahmad

Nonedible seed oils as insect repellent

Petroleum ether extracts of seeds at 10–1% concentration were tested for insecticidal activity against stored grain insects,Tribolium castaneum Herbst., in the laboratory. About 50 oils were tested, of which ten showed repellent, antifeedant property up to 1% concen-tration.

Cyclopropenoid fatty acids ingnetum scandens and itsterculia pallens seed oils

Seed oils ofGnetum scandens (Gnetaceae) andSterculia pattens (Sterculiaceae) were found to contain sterculic (28.57,6.97) and malvalic (11.27,3.87) acids, respectively. Gas Chromatographic analysis of silver nitrate/meth-anol-treated methyl esters was used to establish the co-occurrence of these two acids.Sterculia foetida methyl esters were used as a reference standard.

Synthesis of sulfur-Containing derivatives from olefinic fatty esters

The reaction of 3-mercaptopropan-l,2-diol with methyl 10-undecenoate (Ib) yielded three products, methyl 11-(3′-mercaptopropan-l′,2′-diacetoxy) undecanoate (II, 48.9%), methyl 11-(1-oxapropan-2′-acetoxy-3′-mercaptoacetyl) undecanoate (III, 27.4%) and methyl 10-(3′-mercaptopropan-1′-acetoxy-2′-ol) undecanoate (IV, 23.0%) along with hydrolyzed starting material (Ia, 5.4%). The same reaction with methyl 9-octadecenoate (Vb) gave an isomeric product, 9(10)-(3′-mercaptopropan-l′-acetoxy-2′-ol) octadecanoic acid (VI, 78.5%) and oleic acid (Va, 21.4%). Reaction withtrans-2-octadecenoic acid (VII) afforded 2(3)-(3′-mercaptopropan-l′-acetoxy-2′-ol) octadecanoic acid (VIII, 85.7%).

Unsaponifiable lipid constituents of ten indian seed oils

The unsaponifiable lipid constituents, hydrocarbons, triterpene alcohols and sterols of ten seed oils (Catharanthus roseus, Nymphaea nelumbo, Casuari-na equisetifolia, Lagerstroemia therolli, Prosopisjuliflora, Mimusops elengi, Mimusops hexandra, Ponga-miapinnata, Acrocarpus fraxinifolius, and Bauhinia retusa) were investigated by gas liquid chromatography. Total unsaponifiables ran from 4–14%. Some of the seed oils contained large quantities of jβ-amyrin, α-amyrin and cycloartenol. Acrocarpus fraxinifolius was found to contain 84% of lupeol. Stigmasterol (24-ethyl-22ε-dehydrocholesterol), β-sitosterol (24-ethyl-cholesterol) and campesterol (24-methyl-cholesterol) were the common constituents in all the seed oils. Besides these constituents, tirucallol, taraxerol, ψ-taraxasterol, fucosterol, isofucosterol, avenasterol and cholesterol also were detected in small quantities.

Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of DL-leucine by acid permanganate

SummaryThe kinetics of oxidation of leucine (LCO2H) by acid permanganate have been followed spectrophotometrically at 525 nm for the disappearance of MnVII and at 420 nm for the appearance of MnIV. The latter absorbance passes through a maximum, signifying the presence of a consecutive reaction involving a MnIV intermediate. The reaction is first order with respect to [MnO4−]. The rate constant, k7, has been evaluated at different [LCO2H], [H+] and temperatures, from plots of Acorr525versus time. The overall rate expression satisfying the observed kinetic parameters is

Addition of phthalimidonitrene to acetylenic fatty acid esters: synthesis of long-chain 2-phthalimido-2H-azirines

\begin{gathered} - \frac{1}{{[Mn^{VII} ]_{tot.} }}\frac{{d[Mn^{VII} ]_{tot.} }}{{dt}} \hfill \\ = {{\{ k\prime _1 [LCO_2 H]_0^{1/2} + k\prime _2 [LCO_2 H]_0^{2} \} } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\{ k\prime _1 [LCO_2 H]_0^{1/2} + k\prime _2 [LCO_2 H]_0^{2} \} } {[H^ + ]}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {[H^ + ]}} \hfill \\ \end{gathered}

Oxymercuration-demercuration of hydroxy acetylenic acids

It is found that 8 moles of CO2 are produced and 8 moles of leucine are consumed per mole of permanganate consumed. The decarboxylation involves a cyclic chain reaction.

Iodoazide addition to olefinic esters and their reaction with methanolic KOH

SummaryThe kinetics and mechanism of glutamic acid (GCO2H) oxidation by acid permanganate has been carried out in the absence and presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). The surfactant enhances the reaction rate without changing the reaction mechanism. The overall rate expression for the reduction of MnVII may be written: