F. Esposito

Functional changes after treatment of optic pathway paediatric low-grade gliomas

ObjectiveTo evaluate the functional changes after treatment of paediatric optic pathway gliomas (OPGs).MethodsAll patients with monofocal OPG seen from January 2004 to January 2011 were included. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA, LogMAR), contrast sensitivity (Hiding-Heidi low-contrast ‘face’ test (HH) and Pelli−Robson (PR) contrast sensitivity test), and the Color Test (Ishihara plate) were obtained.ResultsTwenty-one patients (10 boys and 11 girls with a mean age of 5.5±4.4 years at diagnosis) were included in the study. Neurofibromatosis was present in four cases. Eighteen patients (85.7%) were treated with initial surgery and three patients (14.3%) with initial chemotherapy. BCVA was 0.67±0.8 LogMAR at baseline and 0.62±0.9 LogMAR at last visit (P=0.41). The Color test was not significantly changed at last visit (P=0.62). Contrast sensitivity with the HH test was 9.1±11.1% at baseline and 3.8±6.4% at last visit (P=0.03). Contrast sensitivity with PR chart was 1.33±0.9log at baseline and 1.05±0.7 log at last visit (P=0.005). A reduction in contrast sensitivity at both tests was significantly greater in patients who relapsed than in patients who did not relapse (P=0.001).ConclusionAfter the treatment of paediatric optic pathway low-grade gliomas, a reduction in contrast sensitivity during follow-up was observed and may be correlated with tumour relapses.

Long-Term Follow-Up after Surgery for Congenital and Developmental Cataracts

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate long-term functional outcomes after surgery for congenital and developmental cataracts. Methods: In this retrospective interventional study, patients with congenital and developmental cataracts observed from 1996 to 2013 were included. Traumatic cataracts and cataracts secondary to other pathologies were excluded from the study. Minimum follow-up for inclusion was five years. Results: We included 117 patients operated on for congenital cataracts (58 females and 59 males, mean age 0.59 ± 0.2 years, 160 eyes) and 73 patients operated on for developmental cataracts (32 females and 41 males, mean age 6.63 ± 0.7 years, 121 eyes). Mean postsurgical follow-up was 9.26 ± 1.3 years (range, 5–14 years). After surgery for developmental cataracts, both distance and near BCVA were greater (p = 0.001), as was the presence of binocular vision (p = 0.001), while incidence of strabismus and myopic shift was lower (p = 0.001 and p = 0.02, respectively). Conclusion: Postsurgical data showed better functional outcomes in developmental cataracts when compared to congenital cataracts.

Congenital and Developmental Cataracts: Focus on Strabismus Outcomes at Long-Term Follow-Up.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the incidence of strabismus in congenital and developmental cataract surgery in patients with a follow-up longer than five years. Methods: All patients with congenital and developmental cataracts observed from 1996 to 2013 with a follow-up longer than five years were retrospectively included. Results: We included 117 patients (58 females and 59 males, mean age 0.62±0.3 years, 160 eyes) with congenital cataracts and 73 patients (32 females and 41 males, mean age 6.63±0.7 years, 121 eyes) with developmental cataracts. Before cataract surgery, strabismus was present in 88 patients with congenital cataracts (75.2%) and in 30 patients with developmental cataracts (41.1%) (p=0.01). After a follow-up of 9.26±1.3 years (range, 5–14 years), a significantly greater incidence of strabismus was observed after surgery only in patients with unilateral congenital cataracts who underwent cataract removal and primary IOL implantation (p=0.02). Distance BCVA and near BCVA were better after surgery for developmental cataracts (p<0.05). Presence of binocular vision was more frequent after surgery for developmental cataracts (p=0.001). Conclusion: Incidence of strabismus and postsurgical onset of strabismus at long-term follow-up was greater in patients with congenital cataracts.

Essential Infantile Esotropia: Postoperative Sensory Outcomes of Strabismus Surgery

ABSTRACT Background: The optimum age for Essential Infantile Esotropia surgery is a controversial subject. Sensory status was evaluated in patients who underwent surgery at different ages in a retrospective study. The setting of the study is the ophthalmology department of a teaching hospital. Methods: Different clinical characters were analyzed pre- and postoperatively; nine different surgeries were performed. A total of 188 patients presented valid postoperative sensorial data, divided in two groups: surgery at ≤2 years (n=69) or >2 years (n=119). Sensory status was dichotomized in binocular single vision (BSV) and exclusion. Univariate differences were assessed with the chi-square test (or Fisher exact test). To identify the independent role of factors associated with the sensory status, all variables showing in univariate analyses a significant association (p<0.05) with the outcome variable were entered into a multivariate logistic regression model. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: Multivariate analysis confirmed that children operated >2 years were 0.4 times less likely to obtain BSV compared with children operated at ≤2 years (AOR. 0.38, 95% C.I. 0.17–0.89, p=0.025). Patients operated on by OO MR rec.+ OO LR res. + OO IO rec.-ap. (intervention type 6) were about 11 times more likely to have BSV than those by OO rec.MR + unilateral res. LR (operation type 2); AOR.: 10.67, 95% C.I.: 1.34 – 85.29, p=0.026). Twenty-nine patients (12.1%) operated at ≤2 years of age underwent a reoperation, compared to 33 (8.6%) who underwent surgery after two years (p>0.05). Conclusions: Our findings suggest to perform EIE surgery between age 1 and 2 and, when indicated, to prefer a six-muscle approach in order to achieve a better sensory function.

Force output and electromechanical delay components after acute digitopressure : an EMG, MMG and force combined approach

SISMES VIII NATIONAL CONGRESS Rome, 7–9 October 2016

Essential infantile esotropia with inferior oblique hyperfunction: long term follow-up of 6 muscles approach.

AIM To evaluate long term follow-up (10y) of 6 muscle surgical approach in essential infantile esotropia (EIE). METHODS A 6 muscle approach to EIE was retrospectively evaluated in patients with inferior oblique (IO) hyperfunction and lateral rectus (LR) pseudoparalysis, who underwent surgery at different ages. Different clinical characters were analyzed pre- and postoperatively, in patients who underwent a 6 muscles approach ≤4 years of age. All patients underwent a multiple muscles approach: bilateral medial recti (MR) recession (4-5 mm), bilateral LR resection (lower than 7 mm) and bilateral IO recession and anteroposition. Of 108 children with preoperative angle ≥+30 prism diopters (PD) and IO hyperfunction were selected from larger cohort of patients (n=213, 103 females and 110 males) after excluding patients with: angle variability, who underwent reoperation and with incomplete follow up. Preoperative assessment and complete orthoptic examination were performed. Follow-up was performed 3mo, 2, 5 and 10y after surgery. Statistical analysis was performes using SAS statistical software package (version 9.1, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). RESULTS Ten years follow up data analysis showed the following percentage of orthotropic patients: (0 PD): 3mo, 22.2%; 2y, 16.7%; 5y, 25.0% and 10y, 27.8%. A slight, significant (P<0.01), increase of 2y follow up residual deviation was found when compared to 3mo one. Stationary surgical results is reported during time, with a trend of mean residual deviation reduction (P=0.04). CONCLUSION Our results confirm the reliability of multiple muscles surgical approach in the treatment of patients affected by EIE with OI hyperfunction.

Peripheral fatigue in patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1: an EMG, MMG and force combined approach

SISMES VII NATIONAL CONGRESS Padova 2–4 October 2015 THE MARCELLO FAINA LECTURE Citius, altius, fortius: beneficial effects of resistance training for children and adolescentsThe new scoring system (5x11) proposed by the Badminton World Federation, despite a similar physiological commitment with respect to the actual system (3x21), requires a lower total EE. Therefore, according to the present findings, this new scoring system should be adopted, some changes in training modalities need to be introduced. Ramp Test (mean ± SD) VO2 peak (ml·min -1) 3661 ± 328 VO2 peak (mlO2·min -1·kg-1) 54.8 ± 6.7 VEpeak (l·min -1) 152 ± 14SISMES VII NATIONAL CONGRESS Padova 2–4 October 2015 THE MARCELLO FAINA LECTURE Citius, altius, fortius: beneficial effects of resistance training for children and adolescents

The role of balance training in improving soccer-specific technical skills in young soccer players

SISMES VII NATIONAL CONGRESS Padova 2–4 October 2015 THE MARCELLO FAINA LECTURE Citius, altius, fortius: beneficial effects of resistance training for children and adolescentsThe new scoring system (5x11) proposed by the Badminton World Federation, despite a similar physiological commitment with respect to the actual system (3x21), requires a lower total EE. Therefore, according to the present findings, this new scoring system should be adopted, some changes in training modalities need to be introduced. Ramp Test (mean ± SD) VO2 peak (ml·min -1) 3661 ± 328 VO2 peak (mlO2·min -1·kg-1) 54.8 ± 6.7 VEpeak (l·min -1) 152 ± 14SISMES VII NATIONAL CONGRESS Padova 2–4 October 2015 THE MARCELLO FAINA LECTURE Citius, altius, fortius: beneficial effects of resistance training for children and adolescents

Testing modality affects lactate threshold assessed with different methods

SISMES VII NATIONAL CONGRESS Padova 2–4 October 2015 THE MARCELLO FAINA LECTURE Citius, altius, fortius: beneficial effects of resistance training for children and adolescentsThe new scoring system (5x11) proposed by the Badminton World Federation, despite a similar physiological commitment with respect to the actual system (3x21), requires a lower total EE. Therefore, according to the present findings, this new scoring system should be adopted, some changes in training modalities need to be introduced. Ramp Test (mean ± SD) VO2 peak (ml·min -1) 3661 ± 328 VO2 peak (mlO2·min -1·kg-1) 54.8 ± 6.7 VEpeak (l·min -1) 152 ± 14SISMES VII NATIONAL CONGRESS Padova 2–4 October 2015 THE MARCELLO FAINA LECTURE Citius, altius, fortius: beneficial effects of resistance training for children and adolescents

Temporal analisys of men’s single badminton matches played under different scoring systems

SISMES VII NATIONAL CONGRESS Padova 2–4 October 2015 THE MARCELLO FAINA LECTURE Citius, altius, fortius: beneficial effects of resistance training for children and adolescentsThe new scoring system (5x11) proposed by the Badminton World Federation, despite a similar physiological commitment with respect to the actual system (3x21), requires a lower total EE. Therefore, according to the present findings, this new scoring system should be adopted, some changes in training modalities need to be introduced. Ramp Test (mean ± SD) VO2 peak (ml·min -1) 3661 ± 328 VO2 peak (mlO2·min -1·kg-1) 54.8 ± 6.7 VEpeak (l·min -1) 152 ± 14SISMES VII NATIONAL CONGRESS Padova 2–4 October 2015 THE MARCELLO FAINA LECTURE Citius, altius, fortius: beneficial effects of resistance training for children and adolescents