F. Richard

Forward-backward asymmetry of top quark production at the Tevatron in warped extra dimensional models

The CDF and D0 experiments have reported on the measurement of the forward-backward asymmetry of top quark pair production at the Tevatron and the result is that it is more than 2 standard deviations above the predicted value in the standard model. This has to be added to the long-standing anomaly in the forward-backward asymmetry for bottom quark production at LEP which is 3 standard deviations different from the standard model value. The discrepancy in the bottom asymmetry can be accounted for by the contributions of Kaluza-Klein excitations of electroweak gauge bosons at LEP in warped extra-dimensional models in which the fermions are localized differently along the extra dimension so that the gauge interactions of heavy third generation fermions are naturally different from that of light fermions. In this paper, we show that it is more difficult to elaborate a model generating a significant top asymmetry through exchanges of Kaluza-Klein gluons at the Tevatron due to the indirect constraints originating from precision electroweak data.

Tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 in patients with renal cell carcinoma

Abstract Patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) can exhibit fever, weight loss and increases in acute phase proteins. Interleukin (IL)-1, tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and IL-6 are considered major mediators of local and systemic inflammation. We measured plasma IL-1β, TNF-α (immunoradiometric assay) and IL-6 (ELISA) in 78 consecutive patients with untreated RCC and in 56 normal subjects. IL-6 plasma levels were higher in patients with RCC (mean 24.2 pg/ml, 11.1–37.3, 95% confidence interval) than in normal subjects (11.6 pg/ml, 10.1–13.1, n = 39, P 40 pg/ml) had a positive predictive value of 91.0% for lymph node and/or metastatic spread of RCC. IL-6 was statistically correlated with C-reactive protein (nephelometric assay) blood values (r′ = 0.67, n = 78, P

Resolving the AFBb puzzle in an extra dimensional model with an extended gauge structure

Abstract It is notorious that, contrary to all other precision electroweak data, the forward–backward asymmetry for b quarks A FB b measured in Z decays at LEP1 is nearly three standard deviations away from the predicted value in the Standard Model; significant deviations also occur in measurements of the asymmetry off the Z pole. We show that these discrepancies can be resolved in a variant of the Randall–Sundrum extra-dimensional model in which the gauge structure is extended to SU ( 2 ) L × SU ( 2 ) R × U ( 1 ) X to allow for relatively light Kaluza–Klein excitations of the gauge bosons. In this scenario, the fermions are localized differently along the extra dimension, in order to generate the fermion mass hierarchies, so that the electroweak interactions for the heavy third generation fermions are naturally different from the light fermion ones. We show that the mixing between the Z boson with the Kaluza–Klein excitations allows to explain the A FB b anomaly without affecting (and even improving) the agreement of the other precision observables, including the Z → b b ¯ partial decay width, with experimental data. Some implications of this scenario for the ILC are summarized.

Treatment of neurogenic male urinary incontinence related to intrinsic sphincter insufficiency with an artificial urinary sphincter: a French retrospective multicentre study

Study Type – Therapy (retrospective cohort)
Level of Evidence 2b

Etude randomisée multicentrique comparant la castration médicale par triptoréline à la castration chirurgicale dans le traitement du cancer de la prostate localement avancé ou métastatique

Resume Objectif Rapporter les resultats carcinologiques d’une etude comparant l’efficacite de la triptoreline a celle de la castration chirurgicale dans le traitement du cancer de la prostate localement avance ou metastatique. Materiels et methodes Quatre vingt patients ayant un cancer de la prostate localement avance ou metastatique et sans traitement prealable ont ete inclus pendant 1 an dans un essai therapeutique prospectif randomise ouvert, multicentrique. Les patients ont eu soit une injection tous les 28 jours de triptoreline (groupe 1; n=40), soit une pulpectomie (groupe 2; n=40). Les patients ont ete revus tous les 3 mois, puis tous les 6 mois. Resultats L’âge moyen des patients etait de 71,22 + 8,25 ans. A 1 mois, 38 patients etaient castres (testosteronemie 3,2 ng/ml) etaient des facteurs predictifs d’une evolution pejorative. La mediane de survie a ete de 37,5 ± 9 mois dans le groupe triptoreline et de 33 ± 3 mois dans le groupe pulpectomie. A 3 ans, il n’y avait aucune difference significative concernant la survie specifique entre les 2 groupes. A 8 ans de recul, 63 patients etaient decedes. Conclusion Cette etude a mis en evidence une survie specifique equivalente entre les patients traites par triptoreline ou par castration chirurgicale. La castration est obtenue precocement avec la triptoreline (

Résultats carcinologiques et fonctionnels de la prostatectomie totale laparoscopique robot-assistée

The current gold standard treatment for localized prostate cancer remains open radical prostatectomy. From 1992, several teams have tried to explore less invasive surgical access. The first robotically assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) case was reported in 2000. Enhancement of the ergonomics and optimization of the surgical vision provided by the robotic interface, are some reasons that explain the worldwide widespread of RALP. Although this procedure accounted for the vast majority of radical prostatectomies performed in United States, its diffusion is still limited in Europe. The cost for robot purchase and maintenance are obvious limiting factors for its expansion. According to the literature, the operating time and the blood loss are, once the learning curve is completed, similar to those of open or laparoscopic procedures. Hospital stay and time before bladder catheter removal are shorter compared to other approaches. Intermediate oncological and functional outcomes do not show difference with the open or laparoscopic results. Given that these data are encouraging, the limited follow-up with RALP do not allow to draw any definitive statement in comparison with conventional techniques.

Résultats à long terme de la promontofixation laparoscopique dans les cystocèles de haut grade

PURPOSE To evaluate long-term functional and anatomical results of laparoscopic-sacral colpopexy (LSC) for the treatment of high-grade cystoceles. MATERIAL Between 1997 and 2005, 43 women with symptomatic cystoceles of high grade (grade 3 or 4), isolated or not, were treated by LSC. All patients were seen at three months, six months and then yearly during follow-up. Each visit included an interrogatory searching for functional urinary symptoms or sexual and digestive symptoms. A clinical examination, always performed by the same operator, searched for an anatomical recurrence, which was defined by an anterior prolapse of stage greater or equals to 2. In addition, a uroflowmetry was performed systematically. Prognostic factors for cystocele recurrence were established by univariate analysis. RESULTS With a mean follow-up of 4.1 years (2-10.1), the rate of correction of cystocele was 84%. Seven women had an anterior recurrence and were as follows: stage 2 (n=5), stage 3 (n=1) and stage 4 (n=1) associated with urinary-functional symptoms in three cases, with sexual problems in three cases or with rectal symptoms in two cases. In case of isolated cure of cystocele, we found no recurrence during follow-up. Mean uroflowmetry was 24+/-9ml/s. Nine women (21%) had dysuria associated with cystocele recurrence in four cases. Four patients had a pollakiuria (n=1), an urgenturia (n=1) or a stress-urinary incontinence (n=2) without anatomical recurrence. In a case, chronic-pelvic pain was revealing erosion of the tape into the bladder wall. No significant factor was associated with cystocele recurrence. CONCLUSION LSC offered a viable and long-lasting correction of high-grade cystoceles, mostly when they are isolated. Anatomical recurrence was mainly revealed by the occurrence of functional symptoms. In case of atypical urinary symptoms, a cystoscopy has to be done to look for an erosion into the bladder wall.

Cure de prolapsus urogénital par voie coelioscopique sans réparation paravaginale : résultats anatomiques à moyen terme

Resume Objectif Evaluer les resultats anatomiques a moyen terme de la cure de prolapsus urogenital par promontofixation coelioscopique sans reparation paravaginale (RPV) associee. Materiel et Methodes Les dossiers de 97 patientes ayant ete operees dans un seul centre entre 1997 et 2005 d’une promontofixation coelioscopique sans RPV ont ete revus retrospectivement. Pour l’evaluation des resultats fonctionnels, la recidive anatomique a ete le critere d’evaluation principal. Elle etait definie par l’apparition d’un prolapsus de grade superieur ou egal a 2 selon la classification de Baden et Walker. Resultats Quatre vingt deux patientes ont ete revues avec un recul moyen de 14,3 mois (1-62,9). 9 patientes (11%) ont presente une recidive anatomique dans un delai moyen de 26 mois [6-63]. Une etait precoce ( Conclusion La promontofixation coelioscopique offre une bonne correction anatomique, notamment de la cystocele.

Évaluation prospective des effets du stage d’initiation pratique sur le recrutement des internes d’urologie à Paris : résultats définitifs

Resume Objectifs Evaluer les effets d’un stage d’initiation pratique a l’urologie sur le recrutement des internes parisiens depuis la mise en place de l’Examen National Classant (ENC). Materiels et methodes Depuis 2004, tous les internes nommes en chirurgie a Paris ont participe a un stage d’initiation a l’urologie avant de prendre leur fonction hospitaliere. Un questionnaire leur a ete remis. L’enquete prospective s’est interessee a : l’âge, le sexe, l’existence d’un stage d’urologie pendant l’externat et au souhait d’orientation au sein des 11 disciplines chirurgicales. Les internes ont ete recontactes annuellement pour connaitre l’evolution de leur orientation professionnelle. Resultats Population. Deux cent cinquante cinq internes ont participe dont 145 femmes (56,9%) et 110 hommes (43,1%). L’âge moyen etait de 24,6 ± 5 ans (22-31). 173 internes etaient issus d’un CHU parisien (67,8%) et 82 (32,2%) d’un CHU de province. Cinquante deux internes (21,2%) avaient effectue au moins un stage dans un service d’urologie pendant leur externat. Disciplines chirurgicales. L’orthopedie a ete le plus souvent citee (n=48; 28,9%). L’urologie a ete choisie par 32 internes (12,5%) qui avaient effectue un stage d’externe dans la specialite dans 28 cas. A la fin du stage, 18 internes etaient tentes par l’urologie. A un an, 31 internes134 (91,2%) ont confirme leur choix pour I’urologie. Conclusion La realisation d’un stage pratique intervenant tres tot dans la formation des jeunes chirurgiens est une bonne solution pour les initier a l’urologie. En beneficiant d’un choix eclaire, les internes les plus motives sont incites a rejoindre volontairement notre discipline.

Nécrose complète de la verge et des testicules par strangulation dans un contexte psychotique

Complete necrosis of the penis and scrotum due to strangulation of the external genitalia is unusually encountered in urologic emergencies. Urological conservative management is recommended. Delayed presentation is a major source of complications. We report the case of a psychotic patient, who was transferred from the emergency department in a context of complete necrosis of the external genitalia. This patients history included chronic psychotic disorder and positive HIV serology, but he refused to take either neuroleptic or antiretroviral therapy. Complete amputation of the penis and bilateral orchidectomy were performed. We report the first six months of medical management.