Fabian Pilet

Phytoplasma Diseases of Palms

Palms are native to tropical and subtropical areas of the world and contribute to the ecology and economy of many countries. Phytoplasmas which are cell-wall-less prokaryotes are associated with diseases of significant economic importance to palms worldwide. The diseases are vectored by insects, such as Haplaxius crudus, which transmits the lethal yellowing phytoplasma in Florida. In other places, such as in Africa, the vectors have so far been elusive, although putative vectors have been identified. Management of these palm diseases relies on integrated approaches involving the use of resistant materials and cultural methods such as early detection and removal of affected palms. The gaps in the present knowledge of the diseases provide excellent opportunities for further research on these enigmatic plant pathogens.