Fábio Bueno dos Reis Junior

Burkholderia species are ancient symbionts of legumes

Burkholderia has only recently been recognized as a potential nitrogen-fixing symbiont of legumes, but we find that the origins of symbiosis in Burkholderia are much deeper than previously suspected. We sampled 143 symbionts from 47 native species of Mimosa across 1800 km in central Brazil and found that 98% were Burkholderia. Gene sequences defined seven distinct and divergent species complexes within the genus Burkholderia. The symbiosis-related genes formed deep Burkholderia-specific clades, each specific to a species complex, implying that these genes diverged over a long period within Burkholderia without substantial horizontal gene transfer between species complexes.

Ocorrência de bactérias diazotróficas em diferentes genótipos de cana-de-açúcar

The objective of this work was to find out the localization and number of endophytic bacteria in four sugar cane genotypes and investigate upon the possible existence of correlation to the results obtained in some studies about quantification of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). A survey of the diazotrophic bacteria present in sugar cane genotypes differing in their capacity to obtain nitrogen through BNF was performed, and population of Herbaspirillum spp. and Acetobacter diazotrophicus was quantified. The bacteria tested in the survey were Azospirillum lipoferum, A. brasilense, A. amazonense, Herbaspirillum spp. and Acetobacter diazotrophicus. All these bacteria were present in the four genotypes and were found in all parts of the plants, except A. amazonense which was not isolated from leaf samples. The quantification of Herbaspirillum spp. and A. diazotrophicus showed that there were no significant differences among the sugar cane genotypes and, generally, the bacteria were in greater number in roots. While number of Herbaspirillum spp. remained stable during the life-cycle of the culture, the population of A. diazotrophicus suffer a decrease with the approach of the end of the commercial cycle. It is suggested that the differences in the rates of BNF found in sugar cane genotypes are not caused by differences in the presence or the number of the bacterial species studied here.

Inoculação de Azospirillum amazonense em dois genótipos de milho sob diferentes regimes de nitrogênio

The adaptability of maize genotypes to environments where nutrients are not readily available may be related to an adaptation to the predominance of the soil nitric and ammoniacal forms of N and to the association with beneficial microorganisms such as diazotrohpic bacteria and/or plant growth promoters. The objective of this study was to evaluate the response of two maize intervarietal hybrids to different nitrogen doses and forms as well as the effect of inoculation with A. amazonense. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse with pots filled with vermiculite and Hoagland nutrient solution. A three-factor randomized complete block design was used with treatments arranged in a factorial scheme represented by: H1 (Carioca x Eldorado) and H2 (Palha Roxa ES x Sol da Manha) intervarietal hybrids; plants inoculated or not with A. amazonense; and three nitrogen proportions and doses: 126 mg week-1 of N (75 % NH4+ : 25 % NO3-); 126 mg week-1 of N (25 % NH4+ : 75 % NO3-); and 12.6 mg week-1 of N (50 % NH4+ : 50 % NO3-). After 25 days of growth the plant roots and shoots were separated for the determination of dry matter production, total N and P content, nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase activity and total soluble sugars. The H1 hybrid, considered more efficient in preliminary field evaluations, produced greater dry matter and was more efficient in N and P utilization. In plants that received the highest N dose, independently of the predominance of the ammoniacal or nitric forms, the N (roots and shoots) and P (shoots) accumulation as well as the P utilization index were higher. Under the predominance of the ammonium-N plants grew more and the glutamine synthetase activity was increased, while the concentration of root total soluble sugars was lowered. The inoculation with A. amazonense resulted in higher root dry matter production and N accumulation.

Atributos físicos, químicos e biológicos de um Latossolo de cerrado em plantio de espécies florestais

The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact forest plantations on physical, chemical and microbiological attributes a cerrado Oxisol. Soil samples were collected at 0-10 cm depth from sites cultivated with pinus (Pinus tecunumanii), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus grandis) and carvoeiro (Sclerolobium paniculatum) for over 20 years. An adjacent native cerrado area was used as a reference of the original soil conditions. It was observed in relation to the native cerrado: increases in soil density under pinus and eucalyptus, reduction in the macroporosity under pinus, lower organic matter contents under pinus and eucalyptus, besides decreases in the soil pH and in the base saturation under pinus and carvoeiro along with an increase in aluminum saturation. Soil microbial biomass carbon under the pinus, eucalyptus and carvoeiro sites was about half of that found under cerrado. The activities of acid phosphatase and arylsulfatase were inhibited by pinus and stimulated by carvoeiro. Among the forest systems evaluated, pinus promoted the greatest reduction on soil quality. The microbiological variables were the most sensitive to detect the effects of these systems on soil quality.

Adubação nitrogenada suplementar tardia em soja cultivada em latossolos do Cerrado

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of nitrogen fertilization at the pre-flowering (R1) and seed filling (R5) stages, on the nodulation and yield of soybean grown in Cerrado Oxisols. The study was performed for seven years in a clayey Typic Haplustox, and for four years in a clayey Rhodic Haplustox, both with established populations of Bradyrhizobium. Fifteen experiments were carried out under conventional and no tillage management systems and the treatments were: standard inoculation (SI) with B. japonicum; SI + 200 kg ha-1 N (urea), split-applied 50% at sowing and 50% at the R1 stage; SI + 50 kg ha-1 N (ammonium nitrate) in R1; SI + 50 kg ha-1 N (ammonium sulfate) in R1; SI + 50 kg ha-1 N (ammonium nitrate) in R5; and SI + 50 kg ha-1 N (ammonium sulfate) in R5. The application of 200 kg ha-1 N harmed nodulation. In only two experiments, the yield responses to late season N applications were significant, with no net economical benefits for the producer. Late nitrogen fertilization on inoculated soybean, grown under Brazilian Cerrados Oxisols, has no economical advantages in any of the management systems evaluated, regardless of the N source applied.

Microbiological functioning, diversity, and structure of bacterial communities in ultramafic soils from a tropical savanna

Ultramafic soils are characterized by high levels of metals, and have been studied because of their geochemistry and its relation to their biological component. This study evaluated soil microbiological functioning (SMF), richness, diversity, and structure of bacterial communities from two ultramafic soils and from a non-ultramafic soil in the Brazilian Cerrado, a tropical savanna. SMF was represented according to simultaneous analysis of microbial biomass C (MBC) and activities of the enzymes β-glucosidase, acid phosphomonoesterase and arylsulfatase, linked to the C, P and S cycles. Bacterial community diversity and structure were studied by sequencing of 16S rRNA gene clone libraries. MBC and enzyme activities were not affected by high Ni contents. Changes in SMF were more related to the organic matter content of soils (SOM) than to their available Ni. Phylogeny-based methods detected qualitative and quantitative differences in pairwise comparisons of bacterial community structures of the three sites. However, no correlations between community structure differences and SOM or SMF were detected. We believe this work presents benchmark information on SMF, diversity, and structure of bacterial communities for a unique type of environment within the Cerrado biome.

Produção e caracterização de anticorpos policlonais contra Xanthomonas campestris pv. viticola

O objetivo deste trabalho foi a producao de anticorpos policlonais contra Xanthomonas campestris pv. viticola e sua caracterizacao pelo metodo Elisa indireto. Os resultados apontaram a qualidade dos anticorpos policlonais produzidos, os quais mostraram-se altamente reativos e especificos para o patovar com potencial para ser empregado no diagnostico da doenca e em programas de certificacao.

Genome sequence of Pantoea sp. strain 1.19, isolated from rice rhizosphere, with the capacity to promote growth of legumes and nonlegumes.

ABSTRACT Pantoea sp. 1.19, a plant growth-promoting bacterium (PGPB), was isolated from the rhizosphere of rice plants in Spain. Its genome, estimated at 3,771,065 bp, encodes 3,535 coding sequences (CDSs), carrying genes for synthesis of auxins, homoserine lactones, enzymes, siderophores, and quorum sensing. Several CDSs emphasize its biotechnological potential as an agriculture inoculant.

Genome sequence of Pantoea ananatis strain amg 501, a plant growth-promoting bacterium isolated from rice leaves grown in paddies of southern spain.

ABSTRACT Pantoea ananatis AMG 501 is a plant growth-promoting bacterium isolated from rice leaves. Its genome was estimated at 5,102,640 bp with 4,994 coding sequences, encompassing genes related to the metabolism of carbohydrates, to the synthesis of auxins, siderophores, and homoserine lactones, and to the type I, II, III, IV, and VI secretion systems.

Estrutura metabólica e genética de comunidades bacterianas em solo de cerrado sob diferentes manejos

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a estrutura metabolica e genetica de comunidades bacterianas em Latossolo de cerrado sob vegetacao nativa ou cultivado em sistema de rotacao soja/milho sob preparo convencional e plantio direto. Foram utilizadas microplacas EcoPlate para determinar o perfil e a diversidade metabolica das comunidades bacterianas, e eletroforese em gel com gradiente desnaturante (DGGE) para avaliar a estrutura genetica. O teste estatistico de Mantel foi utilizado para avaliar a relacao entre a estrutura metabolica e a genetica. A comunidade bacteriana sob vegetacao nativa apresentou perfil metabolico diferente do encontrado em solos cultivados. No solo cultivado com soja sob preparo convencional, o padrao de utilizacao das fontes de carbono diferenciou-se dos demais tratamentos. Com base nos resultados de DGGE, a comunidade bacteriana sob vegetacao nativa apresentou 35% de similaridade com as de areas cultivadas. Foram formados grupos distintos de comunidades bacterianas do solo entre as areas sob preparo convencional e plantio direto. Houve correlacao significativa de 62% entre as matrizes geradas pelas microplacas EcoPlate e pela DGGE. Variacoes no perfil metabolico estao relacionadas as variacoes na estrutura genetica das comunidades bacterianas do solo.