Fábio Enrique Lemos Budiño

Effect of probiotic and prebiotic inclusion in weaned piglet diets on structure and ultra-structure of small intestine

Forty-four piglets weaned were distributed in a complete randomized blocks in factorial scheme. Experimental diets were: T1 = Basal Diet (BD); T2 = BD + Antibiotic; T3 = BD + Probiotic; T4 = BD + Prebiotic; T5 = BD + Symbiotic (T3+T4). As control, four piglets were slaughtered at weaning. Seven and 14 days after weaning, four animals per treatment were slaughtered. Small intestine segments were sampled from each animal for electron and light microscopy evaluation. The evaluated micro-ingredients affected intestinal histology. It was observed higher villous density in duodenum of piglets fed diet with prebiotic in relation to those fed diets with probiotic. In jejunum of piglets fed diets with prebiotic was found higher villous density, but this difference was not significant. In relation to BD, symbiotic increased duodenal micro-villous height at the 14th day after weaning. Piglets supplemented with probiotic had better recovering of micro-villous density in relation to those fed with other diets.

Adição de frutoligossacarídeo em dietas para leitões desmamados: desempenho, incidência de diarreia e metabolismo

In order to evaluate the effect of frutooligosaccharide prebiotic addition on performance, incidence of diarrehea and metabolism of weaned pigs, two experiments were carried out. It was used three diets containing 0.2; 0.4 or 0.6% frutooligosaccharide formulated from basal diet (no addition of frutooligosaccharide), totalizing four experimental diets. In experiment 1, 96 weaned piglets (5.89 ± 0.86 kg) were used to evaluate weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion and diarrhea occurrence on the first 15 days of experiment. In the experiment 2, the same diets were tested for energy and nitrogen metabolism of the piglets (17.93 ± 0.66 kg). Levels of frutooligosaccharide had quadratic effect on weight gain, whose best result were obtained with the level of 0.31% of this prebiotic. Significant differences were not verified in the feed conversion neither on incidence of diarrhea. The use of frutooligosaccharide in diets for piglets did not influence digestibility neither metabolizability of experimental diets.

Efeitos de fontes protéicas na dieta sobre a morfologia intestinal e o desenvolvimento pancreático de leitões recém-desmamados

ABSTRACT - This trial was carried out to evaluate the effects of replacing soybean meal with hydrolyzed protein of the cellularcontent of yeast (HPCCY), isolated protein of soy (IPS), hydrolyzed protein of intestinal mucosa membrane of swine (HPIMS) anddried whole milk on intestinal mucosa membrane morphology and pancreas development of weaned pigs at 7 and 14 days post weaning .Fourty-four piglets ( averaging5.5 ± 0.6 kg) were fed the following isonutritive diets: SM – yellow corn-soybean meal based diet; DWM– SM plus dried whole milk; DWM+HPIMS - DWM plus HPIMS; DWM+IPS – DWM plus IPS; DWM+HPCCY – DWM plusHPCCY. The treatments did not influence the pig intestinal structure, showing that none of the protein sources minimized the harmfuleffects of feeding change on the intestinal epithelium. DWM+HPIMS and DWM+IPS provided the greatest pancreatic weight at 7 dayspost weaning. It was concluded that all studied protein sources were adequate to formulate diets for weaned piglets.Key Words: hydrolyzed protein, intestinal epithelium, milk dried, piglets

Effect of adding macro and micro minerals in pig feces fed diets with different levels of probiotic

ABSTRACT This study aimed to verify the effect of diets with different doses (0, 100, 200 and 300 ppm) of probiotic on daily fecal production (DFP) and level of macro and micro minerals in feces of nursing (1 st and 2 nd initial phases) and growing pigs and during total period. The DFP, as percentage of body weight, was different (P 0.05) among treatments, with exception of calcium and sodium excretion at 1 st initial phase and calcium, zinc and nickel during total period. The addition of a poliprobiotic to diets do not affect fecal production of nursing and growing pigs. However, the presence of microorganisms, added (levels of 200 and 300 ppm) in diets for nursing and growing pigs reduced fecal excretion of calcium, zinc and nickel. Key words: Calcium, digestion, lactobacillus, piglet, zinc ∗ Author for correspondence INTRODUCTION Pig industry is considered one of the most important economical activities within feed production chain. In this sense, Brazil has the fourth largest world-wide herd and is the fourth largest pork exporter (Roppa, 2003). But, pig performance is prejudiced because of the pathogen dissemination caused by increase of animal density in confinement system. Beside this, feces accumulation in pig production increases the risk of environment contamination and compromises sustainability of this activity. It is estimated that from the total diet ingredient consumed by pigs, around 45 to 60% of nitrogen, 50 to 80% of calcium and phosphorous and 70 to 90% of potassium, sodium, magnesium, cupper, zinc, manganese and iron are excreted through feces and urine (Kornegay and Harper, 1997). The presence of these minerals in feces increases the problem of environmental pollution. The level of some minerals, as nitrogen and phosphorous in pig feces is very important because of the risk of soil and water contamination (Rebollar and Mateos, 1999). In many countries, institutions have established the areas for animal feces utilization as fertilizer, which has limited the number of sows on a pig farm (Hacker and Du, 1993). Consequently, the size of the production unit is dependent of the available area for fertilizing with effluents of pig production. According to Food and Drugs Administration (FDA) of United States, probiotics are a source of viable microorganisms which occurs naturally and might be used directly in total ration for animals (DFM: Direct-Fed Microbial), being classified as

Qualitative-feed-restricted heavy swine: meat quality and morpho-histochemical characteristics of muscle fibers

Para avaliar o efeito de diferentes niveis de restricao alimentar qualitative (0, 5, 10, 15 e 20%) sobre a qualidade da carne e caracteristicas morfohistoquimicas musculares, sessenta suinos machos castrados foram utilizados. Dez suinos formaram o grupo abatido inicialmente (89 kg PV) e outros 50 suinos foram alimentados com as dietas experimentais e foram abatidos aos 128 kg PV. A restricao qualitativa aumentou o pH45, e a capacidade de retencao de agua, bem como reduziu a coloracao vermelha e amarela, e o teor de colesterol do musculo Longissimus lumborum. Tendencia quadratica para conteudo de acido oleico do lombo e da area de secao transversal do musculo Multifidus dorsi (P=0.08) foram observada, com ponto de maxima em11-12% de restricao. Nao foi encontrado efeito (P>0.1) na porcentagem de fibras SO, FG e FOG no musculo Multifidus. A carne dos animais abatidos aos 128 kg PV apresentou valores numericamente maiores para coloracao, perda de agua e conteudo lipidico, bem como menor forca de cisalhamento que a dos animais abatidos aos 89 kg PV. Restricao alimentar qualitativa para suinos em terminacao nao afeta negativamente a qualidade da carne nem altera o padrao de fibras musculares.

Composição Corporal e Puberdade de Leitoas Alimentadas com Níveis Alto e Baixo de Proteína na Dieta

With the aim of altering body composition, diets with different protein levels (12 and 18 CP) were offered to breeding gilts from 100 to 221 days of age. During this period, body weight, backfat thickness, oestrus manifestation, characteristics of reproductive tract and nitrogen balance were evaluated. Nitrogen balance was measured during two metabolism trials (at 136 and at 201 days of age). In both trials, gilts fed 18% CP showed higher nitrogen intake, retention and excretion and higher plasmatic and urinary urea levels (P .05). The low-protein diet reduced by 48% the excretion of nitrogen. Gilts fed 12% CP showed a greater backfat change (7.4 mm) than those fed 18% CP (4.5 mm), between 100 and 207 days of age (P<.02). Body weight, uterine weight, uterine horns length and number of corpora lutea were not influenced by the level of dietary protein. The rate of oestrus detection, up to 25 days after male exposure, was similar to females receiving 12% (71%) and 18% CP (75%). The protein level affected body composition without altering body weight, onset of puberty and characteristics of the reproductive tract, suggesting that a low-protein diet can be used as an strategy to increase the backfat thickness of breeding gilts.

Hidrolisados protéicos de mucosa intestinal, levedura e proteína isolada de soja em dietas com leite em pó integral para leitões desmamados

Avaliou-se o efeito da substituicao parcial do farelo de soja (FS) por hidrolisado proteico do conteudo celular de levedura (HPCCL), proteina isolada de soja (PIS) ou hidrolisado proteico de mucosa intestinal de suinos (HPMIS) em dietas com leite em po integral (LPI) sobre o desempenho, os niveis sericos de ureia e a incidencia de diarreia em leitoes desmamados. Foram utilizados 40 leitoes desmamados aos 21 dias de idade (20 machos castrados e 20 femeas), distribuidos em delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos (dietas) e oito repeticoes. As dietas foram fornecidas em tres fases, de acordo com a idade dos animais: fase pre-inicial 1 (21 aos 35 dias de idade): dieta a base de milho e farelo de soja (FS); dieta com 15,0% LPI; dieta com 15,0% LPI + 3,5% HPMIS; dieta com 15,0% LPI + 5,0% de PIS; dieta com 15,0% LPI + 5,0% HPCCL. Na fase pre-inicial 2 (36 aos 49 dias de idade), foi mantida a dieta a base de milho e farelo de soja e o LPI foi reduzido para 7,5% em todas as dietas, o HPMIS para 1,5%, a PIS para 4% e o HPCCL foi mantido em 5%. Na fase inicial (50 aos 70 dias de idade), foi mantida a dieta a base de milho e farelo de soja, o LPI foi retirado de todas as dietas e os animais que nas fases pre-inicial 1 e 2 foram alimentados com as dietas contendo LPI e LPI + HPMIS passaram a ser alimentados com a dieta a base de milho e farelo de soja; a PIS foi reduzida para 3% e o HPCCL para 2,5%. No periodo de 21 a 35 dias, a dieta LPI + PIS proporcionou maior ganho diario de peso e melhor conversao alimentar. Nas fases seguintes, nao houve diferenca no desempenho entre as dietas. Ate cinco dias apos o desmame, os animais alimentados com as racoes FS e LPI + PIS apresentaram menor indice de diarreia. Os niveis sericos de ureia nao foram influenciados pelas dietas. A utilizacao de PIS, HPMIS e HPCCL em dietas complexas contendo leite em po pode consistir em alternativa biologicamente viavel em dietas para leitoes.

Substituição total de leite em pó por soja micronizada e enzima para leitões desmamados

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da substituicao do leite em po (LP) por soja micronizada (SM) e soja micronizada com enzima b-mananase (SME), sobre o desempenho dos animais e analise economica. Foram utilizados 36 leitoes machos, desmamados aos 21 dias de idade, com peso medio inicial de 6,41 ± 0,52 kg , em delineamento em blocos ao acaso com tres tratamentos e doze repeticoes. As dietas foram divididas em tres fases: fase I, de 0 a 14 dias, fase II de 14 a 28 dias e fase III de 28 a 42 dias do periodo experimental. Para o desempenho, a valiou-se o consumo diario de racao – CDR, ganho de peso diario – GPD e a conversao alimentar – CA. Foi avaliada tambem a viabilidade economica. De 0-14 dias, SM diferiu (P 0,05) entre os tratamentos. Considerando-se todas as variaveis no periodo total do experimento (0 a 42 dias), o GDP foi maior (P<0,05) para LP e SME quando comparado a SM, e a CA foi menor (P<0,05) para LP quando comparada aos demais. Na avaliacao economica a substituicao de LP por SM e SME apresentou uma reducao de custo. Conclui-se que a substituicao do leite em po por soja micronizada com adicao da enzima e possivel, considerando o periodo de 42 dias pos desmama. A enzima b-mananase com a soja micronizada melhora o desempenho dos leitoes na primeira fase pos desmama. Economicamente, o uso da soja micronizada e viavel.