Fabio Guglielmo
University of Turin
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Publication
Featured researches published by Fabio Guglielmo.
Molecular Ecology | 2007
Paolo Gonthier; Giovanni Nicolotti; Rachel Linzer; Fabio Guglielmo; Matteo Garbelotto
It was recently reported that North American (NA) individuals of the forest pathogen Heterobasidion annosum were found in a single pine stand near Rome, in association with the movement of US troops during World War II. Here, we report on some aspects of the invasion biology of this pathogen in Italian coastal pinewoods, and on its interaction with native (EU) Heterobasidion populations. Spores of Heterobasidion were sampled using woody traps in pine stands along 280 km of coast around Rome. DNA of single‐spore colonies was characterized by two sets of nuclear and one set of mitochondrial taxon‐specific polymerase chain reaction primers. NA spores were found not only in a single site, but in many locations over a wide geographic area. Invasion occurred at an estimated rate of 1.3 km/year through invasion corridors provided by single trees, and not necessarily by sizable patches of forests. Within the 100‐km long range of expansion, the NA taxon was dominant in all pure pine stands. Because abundance of the EU taxon is low and identical among stands within and outside the area invaded by NA individuals, we infer that the exotic population has invaded habitats mostly unoccupied by the native species. Discrepancy between a mitochondrial and a nuclear marker occurred in 3.8% of spores from one site, a mixed oak‐pine forest where both taxa were equally represented. Combined phylogenetic analyses on nuclear and mitochondrial loci confirmed these isolates were recombinant. The finding of hybrids indicates that genetic interaction between NA and EU Heterobasidion taxa is occurring as a result of their current sympatry.
Journal of Applied Microbiology | 2007
Fabio Guglielmo; Sarah E. Bergemann; Paolo Gonthier; Giovanni Nicolotti; Matteo Garbelotto
Aims: The goal of this research was the development of a PCR‐based assay to identify important decay fungi from wood of hardwood tree species in northern temperate regions.
Molecular Ecology | 2013
Matteo Garbelotto; Fabio Guglielmo; S. Mascheretti; Peter J. P. Croucher; Paolo Gonthier
A population genetics approach is used to identify the most likely introduction site and introduction pathway for the North American forest pathogen Heterobasidion irregulare using 101 isolates from six sites in Italy and 34 isolates from five sites in North America. Diversity indices based on sequences from ten loci indicate the highest diversity in Italy is found in Castelfusano/Castelporziano and that diversity progressively decreases with increasing distance from that site. AMOVA, Bayesian clustering and principal coordinates analyses based on 12 SSR loci indicate high levels of gene flow among sites, high frequency of admixing, and fail to identify groups of genotypes exclusive to single locations. Cumulatively, these analyses suggest the current infestation is the result of multiple genotypes expanding their range from a single site. Based on two sequenced loci, a single source site in North America could provide enough variability to explain the variability observed in Italy. These results support the notion that H. irregulare was introduced originally in Castelporziano: because Castelporziano has been sealed off from the rest of the world for centuries except for a camp set up by the US military in 1944, we conclude the fungus may have been transported in infected wood used by the military. Finally, spatial autocorrelation analyses using SSR data indicate a significant under‐dispersion of alleles up to 0.5–10 km, while a significant overdispersion of alleles was detected at distances over 80 km: these ranges can be used to make predictions on the likely dispersal potential of the invasive pathogen.
Fems Microbiology Letters | 2008
Fabio Guglielmo; Paolo Gonthier; Matteo Garbelotto; Giovanni Nicolotti
Two multiplex PCRs, based on 10 taxon-specific primers designed on rRNA gene regions, were developed for the identification of taxa within the lignivorous genera Ganoderma, Inonotus s.l. and Phellinus s.l., each comprising both secondary and primary aggressive decay fungi. Each multiplex PCR proved to correctly identify 1 x 10(-2) pg of fungal target DNA directly from wood. This method can be helpful in detecting decay in standing trees independent of its stage of advancement, and to identify the associated decay agents.
Journal of Applied Microbiology | 2006
Paola Dolci; Fabio Guglielmo; F. Secchi; O.I. Ozino
Aims: To monitor and select genetically characterized strains of Beauveria brongniartii to be used as microbiological control agents against Melolontha melolontha in different climatic conditions of the Valley of Aosta (northwest Italy).
Letters in Applied Microbiology | 2010
Fabio Guglielmo; Paolo Gonthier; Matteo Garbelotto; Giovanni Nicolotti
Aims: To develop fast and reliable sampling procedures for DNA‐based diagnosis of wood decay fungi in standing trees.
Archive | 2010
Giovanni Nicolotti; Paolo Gonthier; Fabio Guglielmo
Wood rotting fungi are reported as a major source of economic losses in both timber production and wood in service, and one of the main causes of tree wind throws and limb failures. Since the biology of these fungi is varied, their detection and identification are important for the application of appropriate management strategies and control measures. Following an overview of traditional and biochemical diagnostic techniques, whose usefulness is frequently limited either by their reliance on the sporadically emerging and rarely visible fruit bodies, or by the need of a preliminary isolation step, we discuss on DNA-based techniques that have been developed to detect and early identify wood rotting fungi in timber and in standing trees.
Journal of Plant Pathology | 2012
Serena Michelotti; Fabio Guglielmo; Paolo Gonthier
In June 2008, a basal stem failure of a sycamore maple tree (Acer pseudoplatanus) occurred in Turin (Italy). The failed tree did not show any external signs of fungal disease. However, the wood at the point of stem breakage was decayed and permeated by black lines. Isolations from decayed wood samples, performed on potato dextrose agar (PDA), yielded white fungal colonies that later turned greyish-brown producing hyaline, smooth and ovate conidia (5.5-7×2.5-3.5 μm) on tufts of sparsely branched conidiophores. Using a multiplex PCR assay (Nicolotti et al., 2009), the fungal cultures were identified as Kretzschmaria deusta. The features of the decayed wood and the morphological traits of pure cultures were also consistent with this diagnosis. After this finding, 77 maple trees, comprising those adjacent to the failed tree, were surveyed and sampled using the drilling method by Guglielmo et al. (2010). Although no overt signs of K. deusta in- fection were observed, multiplex PCR identified this fungus in five trees, comprising four sycamore maples and a Norway maple (Acer platanoides). Three of these infected trees were very close to the failed one, thus suggesting a clustering of infection. Inci- dence of K. deusta was higher than that of other wood decay fun- gi detected by multiplex PCR. Although K. deusta is known as a threat for the stability of different broadleaf trees in the urban context of northern and central Europe, to our knowledge this is the first report of this pathogen in urban maple trees in Italy.
Arboriculture and Urban Forestry | 2009
Giovanni Nicolotti; Paolo Gonthier; Fabio Guglielmo; Matteo Garbelotto
Forest Pathology | 2015
Paolo Gonthier; Fabio Guglielmo; Fabiano Sillo; L. Giordano; Matteo Garbelotto