Fabrício Packer Gonçalves

Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, a new causal agent of citrus post-bloom fruit drop

Citrus post-bloom fruit drop (caused by Colletotrichum acutatum) frequently occurs in the southwestern region of São Paulo State, Brazil. A survey of Colletotrichum isolates associated with symptoms of post-bloom fruit drop in São Paulo State showed C. gloeosporioides in addition to C. acutatum. The objectives of this study were to confirm the identification of C. gloeosporioides isolated from symptomatic citrus flowers, to test the pathogenicity of C. gloeosporioides isolates, to compare the development of disease caused by C. gloeosporioides and C. acutatum, and to determine the frequency of C. gloeosporioides in a sample of isolates obtained from symptomatic flowers in different regions of São Paulo State. Through the use of species-specific primers by PCR, 17.3% of 139 isolates were C. gloeosporioides, and the remaining 82.7% were C. acutatum. The pathogenicity tests, carried out in 3-year old potted plants of sweet oranges indicated that both species caused typical symptoms of the disease including blossom blight and persistent calyces. Incubation periods (3.5 and 3.9 days, respectively, for C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides) and fruit sets (6.7 and 8.5%, respectively for C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides) were similar for both species. The incidences of blossom blight and persistent calyces were higher on plants inoculated with C. acutatum than in those inoculated with C. gloeosporioides. Conidial germination was similar for both species under different temperatures and wetness periods. Under optimal conditions, appressorium formation and melanisation were higher for C. gloeosporioides than for C. acutatum. These results indicated that Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is a new causal agent of post-bloom fruit drop.

Efeito de sanificantes no controle pós-colheita da podridão parda (Monilinia fructicola) e da podridão mole (Rhizopus stolonifer) em pêssegos

ABSTRACT O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o efeito in vitro e in vivo dossanificantes cloreto de benzalconio (Fegatex ® ), biomassa citrica(Ecolife 40® ) e ozonio no controle da podridao parda ( Moniliniafructicola ) e da podridao mole ( Rhizopus stolonifer ) em pessegos dascultivares Aurora, Dourado e Flor da Prince. Cloreto de benzalconioe biomassa citrica, aplicados in vitro, ambos na concentracao de1000 µL L -1 , inibiram totalmente o crescimento radial (micelial)de M. fructicola , porem nenhum deles foi eficiente no controle de R. stolonifer . Cloreto de benzalconio aplicado de forma preventiva, Abreu, F. M., Lourenco, S. A., Bassetto, E., Goncalves, F. P., Martins, M. C., Amorim, L. Efeito de sanificantes no controle pos-colheita dapodridao parda ( Monilinia fructicola ) e da podridao mole ( Rhizopus stolonifer ) em pessegos. Summa Phytopathologica , v.34, n.1, p.86-88, 2008 RESUMO na concentracao de 3000 µL L -1 , reduziu a podridao parda emfrutos inoculados sem ferimentos. Quando aplicado de formacurativa em frutos nao feridos esse produto foi eficiente em todasas concentracoes testadas. Nenhum produto aplicado nos frutosde forma curativa foi eficiente no controle da podridao parda,quando a inoculacao do fungo foi realizada atraves de ferimentos.Nenhum dos produtos foi eficiente no controle da podridao mole. Oozonio (0,1 µL L

Efeito da irradiação UV-C no controle da podridão parda (Monilinia fructicola) e da podridão mole (Rhizopus stolonifer) em pós-colheita de pêssegos

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effect of UV-C irradiation in vitro to control M. fructicola and R. stolonifer and the diseases caused by them in peach fruits. Mycelial growth was evaluated after exposure of the pathogens on PDA medium to different UV-C irradiation concentrations of 0, 0.26, 0.52, 1.04, 3.13, 5.22, 10.44, 15.66 and 31.32 kJ.m-2. The UV cabinet was equipped with four lamps with the fluency rate of 1.74 mW.cm-2. Peach fruits were treated with UV-C irradiation in a protective and curative way. In the protector treatment, fruits were exposed to 1.04 kJ.m-2 for 1 min. and were inoculated immediately and after 16, 24 and 40 hours. In the curative treatment, peach fruits were inoculated, incubated and irradiated with 0, 1.04, 5.22, 10.44, 15.66 and 31.32 kJ.m-2 UV-C concentrations. Disease incidence and severity of brown rot were evaluated. In vitro, only the concentrations applied during 1 and 10 min. of exposure reduced the mycelial growth of M. fructicola, while the application of UV-C for 10-15 minutes reduced the mycelial growth of R. stolonifer and the concentration applied for 30 minutes completely inhibited the mycelial growth of this pathogen. There was no effect caused by UV-C light in the protective control, or by UV-C light in the curative control of brown rot. The irradiation of fruits with UV-C was effective in the curative control of soft rot, and the best results were observed with an exposure time of 10 minutes.

Relação entre resistência de linhagens tropicais de milho à podridão de espiga e ao acúmulo de fumonisinas provocados por Fusarium verticillioides

Maize infection by Fusarium verticillioides, the causal agent of Fusarium ear rot, can result in the production of mycotoxins of the fumonisin group. Genetic resistance is the most effective way to control this disease. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate tropical maize inbred lines as potential sources of resistance to F. verticillioides and production of fumonisins. Six maize inbred lines, three previously classified as resistant and three as susceptible to F. verticillioides, were inoculated with the pathogen and subsequently evaluated for ear rot severity, incidence of symptomatic grain and fumonisin concentration. Results showed that the lines R1 and R3 exhibited high resistance to the pathogen infection. However, only R3 was resistant to the accumulation of fumonisins. Therefore, it is suggested that absence of relationship between disease intensity and fumonisin production is inherent to this pathosystem. Thus, asymptomatic grains infected by F. verticillioides cannot be ensured to be free of contamination by fumonisins.