Fabrício Rossi

Cultivares de batata para sistemas orgânicos de produção

Information regarding cultivars adapted to the organic system of production is scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate in an organic production system, Brazilian and foreign potato genotypes adapted for conventional systems, in terms of quality and yield potential. The experiment was carried out in 2008, at the Agro-ecological Experimental Station of the Polo APTA Leste Paulista, in Monte Alegre do Sul, Sao Paulo State, Brazil. A randomized block experimental design was adopted with 18 treatments and four replications. Each plot consisted of 80 seeds, arranged in four rows of 5 m spaced 0.80 m and with 0.25 m between tubers. The treatments consisted of the cultivars Agata, Apua, Aracy, Asterix, Caesar, Catucha, Cupido, Eden, IAC Aracy Ruiva, Itarare, Melody, Monte Alegre 172, Novella, and Vivaldi, in addition to the advanced clones IAC 6090, APTA 16.5, APTA 15.20 and APTA 21.54. The following parameters were evaluated: yield, marketable yield, average total and marketable tuber mass, dry matter content and severity of potato early blight. The advanced clones APTA 16.5, APTA 21.54, IAC 6090, and the cultivars Cupido, Apua, Itarare and Monte Alegre 172 showed the highest yield values. APTA 21.54 presente the highest marketable yield (18.07 t ha-1), whereas APTA 16.5, Cupido, IAC 6090 and Itarare formed the subsequent group. The highest tuber mass values were presented by the cultivars Itarare and Cupido. The clone IAC 6090 and the cultivars Aracy and Aracy Ruiva showed the highest dry matter content, with an average of 22.91%. APTA 16.5, Apua, Aracy, Aracy Ruiva, Eden, Ibituacu and Monte Alegre 172 exhibited high level of field tolerance to early blight. Potato genotypes Itarare, Apua and Cupido are, thus, adapted to organic farming, and the advanced clones APTA 16.5, APTA 21.54 and IAC 6090 have potential for cultivation in the organic system.

Trichoderma spp. isolates with potential of phosphate solubilization and growth promotion in cherry tomato1

1. Manuscript received in Apr./2017 and accepted for publication in Sep./2017 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632017v4746447). 2. Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Araras, SP, Brasil. E-mails: dvcf88@hotmail.com, mrciarosa@yahoo.com.br. 3. Instituto Agronômico, Centro de Silvicultura “Sylvio de Moreira”, Cordeirópolis, SP, Brasil. E-mail: katia@centrodecitricultura.br. 4. Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, Pirassununga, SP, Brasil. E-mails: tamaragomes@usp.br, fabricio.rossi@usp.br. Trichoderma fungi are considered relevant plant growth promoters for increasing the efficiency in the use of nutrients, as well as acting as biological control agents. This study aimed to select Trichoderma spp. isolates with potential for phosphate solubilization and their application as growth promoters in interaction with homeophatic preparations, in cherry tomato. Among 16 Trichoderma spp. isolates obtained from soils of organic tomato growing areas tested in vitro, together with a commercial product (Trichodermil®), two of them showed the ability for indole-3-acetic acid production and phosphate solubilization. The Trichoderma “R” had the highest mycelial growth speed index and presented twice as much spores than the commercial product. An in vivo experiment was also conducted in a greenhouse, in order to observe the potential of Trichoderma spp. isolates and homeophatic preparations on the cherry tomato growth promotion, using a randomized block experimental design, in a 4 x 3 factorial arrangement, with three Trichoderma isolates and two homeopathic preparations (Phosphorus 6CH and Carbo vegetabilis 6CH) + treatment without homeopathic preparation. The leaf area and dry mass of leaves and roots were determined. It was possible to observe that the isolate “R”, identified as Trichoderma asperellum, was effective in the cherry tomato growth promotion, while the homeopathic preparations applied did not show any effect.

Elaboration and Implementation of a Waste Management Policy at the University of São Paulo (USP)

The University of Sao Paulo (USP) is the largest university in Brazil and has developed independent environmental actions related to solid waste until 2012. This year, an Environmental Management Superintendence (SGA in Portuguese) was created in order to construct a Solid Waste Policy to the University. This policy was constructed in an innovative way, since it required a participatory process. The need for more articulation gave rise to the Environmental Management Superintendence (SGA in Portuguese) in 2012, so as to improve sustainability on the campi and change USP into a sustainability model. SGA has formed a work group on wastes under a participative process whose priority is to develop strategies and procedures for the elaboration and implementation of a Waste Management Policy (PGR/USP in Portuguese), as a response to the specificities of the National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS in Portuguese)—Law n. 12.305/10 to the university needs. The PGR/USP contemplates the elaboration of Waste Management Plans for all units at USP and in order to plan it, a course for the staff, the elaboration of the plans and a data base, integrated with the University Corporative System, and indicators to evaluate and improve the management are foreseen. This study analyses the elaboration process and the implementation of the PGR so as to identify the opportunities to promote sustainability at universities by taking waste management as a starting point.

THE INFLUENCE OF IRRIGATION WITH TREATED DAIRY WASTEWATER ON THE YIELD AND QUALITY OF TABLE BEET

Abstract. This work was conducted to evaluate the level of total soluble solids and the yield of the table beet irrigated with of the dairy treated effluent and with different irrigation depths. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse (210 m 2 ), near of the dairy effluent treatment plant of the University of SA£o Paulo, located at Pirassununga, Brazil. The treatments consisted of three types of water: (1) Anaerobic Effluent – ANE; (2) Aerobic Effluent – AE; (3) Treated rainwater – RW. Three different irrigation depths were used, 50, 100 and 150 % of the crop water demand. All these treatments were applied combined with 50% of the mineral nitrogen fertilization recommended for the table beet. Apart from these, there was a control (table beet with 100% of the nitrogen fertilization recommended, irrigated with water and irrigation depth equal to 100% of the crop water demand). The use of wastewater and the higher irrigation depths promoted differences in the evaluated parameters. Comparing the treatments, it is possible to note that the table beet development was most favorable when irrigated with ANE and AE. The irrigation with ANE was superior in all irrigation depths compared to other treatments (AE and RW). This indicates the importance of differentiating the source of available nutrients (particularly nitrogen) in the wastewater. The level of total soluble solids were not affected by water quality, but were reduced with the increasing of irrigation depths applied with treated dairy wastewater. However the obtained values did not reduce the table beet quality.

Performance of lettuce in sole cropping and intercropping with green manures

The performance of lettuce in sole and intercropped with green manures was assessed under different establishment times. The lettuce fresh and dry weight, number of leaves per plant, diameter and length of head, and fresh and dry weight of green manure were evaluated. The intercropping design was additive and both cash and cover crops were planted in rows. The experimental design was of randomized complete blocks in split plot scheme, with six replicates. The plots represented the green manure sowing days (0, 20, 40 and 60 before transplanting of lettuce), and the sub-plots were assigned by cropping systems (lettuce in sole crop and intercropped with black oat, cowpea or white lupin). Simultaneous planting in the intercropping did not affect the lettuce performance. However, when the green manures were sown before lettuce, they influenced it in a negative way. Among the green manures, cowpea increased biomass and had a higher negative effect on lettuce performance compared to white lupin, which appeared to produce less competition. The sole crop and the intercropping with simultaneous planting of the green manures resulted in a better lettuce performance.