Facundo Cortés Martínez

Mathematical Analysis for the Optimization of a Design in a Facultative Pond: Indicator Organism and Organic Matter

Stabilization ponds are easy to operate and their maintenance is simple. Treatment is carried out naturally and they are recommended in developing countries. The main disadvantage of these systems is the large land area they occupy. The aim of this study was to perform an optimization in the design and cost of a facultative pond, considering a mathematical analysis of the traditional methodology to determine the model constraints (fecal coliforms and organic matter). Matlab optimization toolbox was used for nonlinear programming. A facultative pond with the traditional method was designed and then the optimization system was applied. Both analyses meet the treated water quality requirements for the discharge to the receiving bodies. The results show a reduction of hydraulic retention time by 4.82 days, and a decrease in the area of 17.9 percent over the traditional method. A sensitivity analysis of the mathematical model is included. It is recommended to realize a full-scale study in order to verify the results of the optimization.

Función objetivo en el diseño de la laguna facultativa (estudio de caso)

El sistema de tratamiento con lagunas de estabilizacion es el tipo mas usado en America Latina, ya que son faciles de operar y de construir, pero presenta una gran desventaja: el requerimiento del terreno. Estos sistemas necesitan mas area que ningun otro sistema de tratamiento. Por lo tanto, es recomendable llevar a cabo un estudio debidamente analizado de manera que los resultados arrojen la menor area requerida. El objetivo del presente documento fue aplicar la programacion no lineal con el algoritmo de gradiente reducido generalizado (GRG) con el fin de optimizar el diseno tradicional y costo del sistema de tratamiento. Se diseno una laguna facultativa, los resultados indican una disminucion en el tiempo de retencion hidraulico de 4 dias y un area menor de 14.79%. Ambos analisis satisfacen perfectamente los limites maximos permisibles en la concentracion de contaminantes que indica la norma para el vertido de agua tratada a los cuerpos receptores.

Effect of optimal linear control in human monocytes and macrophages system

Monocytes M and macrophages Mϕ cells are mononuclear essential components of the innate immune system response. M and Mϕ are mononuclear phagocytes that have crucial roles in tissue homeostasis and innate immunity. M Are key players during inflammation and pathogen challenge also are precursor of Mϕ, whereas tissue resident Mϕ has important functions in development, tissue homeostasis and the resolution of inflammation. In previous work, linear optimal control equations with tracking in x2(t) (this is Mϕ) and control only in x1(t), (this is M) were applied obtaining good results. In this work, Linear Optimal Control equations for states x1(t) and x2(t), with tracking in the state x2(t) were applied. It is possible to obtain better convergence results of the states to the asymptotic values (healthy state) when the production rate of (M) and λ into the state equations was modified. Tables and graphics are included.

Implementation of Control Algorithms in a Climatic Chamber

The climatic chambers are enclosures that provide a desired climate regardless of the outside environment. They are frequently used in research and industry, durability testing of materials, devices or appliances. FIME-UANL developed a climatic chamber, it is located in the climate-controlled laboratory. This climatic chamber has the facility of electronic expansion valve (EEV), electronic hot gas valve bypass (EHGB), pressure regulating valve (EPR). The goal of this work is to develop and implement control algorithms, that to improve the performance of the cooling system of the climatic chamber without compromising its performance in terms of accuracy and stability. In addition to assessing the energy performance through the pressure ratio due to the use of control strategies in the cooling system of the climatic chamber using cooling system COP and pressure ratio as a comparator.