Fanbo He

An improved virtual resistance damping method for grid-connected inverters with LCL filters

In renewable energy generations, LCL filters are commonly used to connect in series with the output ports of the converter to smooth the currents flowing into the grid due to their enhanced attenuation ability and smaller inductance compared to single L filters. However, the inherent resonance of an LCL filter makes the control of such a system challenging, and different passive and active damping strategies have been developed till now. This paper aims to the damping problems of LCL filters and proposes a new approach to realize active damping. Based on traditional virtual resistance damping strategy, the new algorithm employs a lead compensation block in the capacitor current feedback loop so as to alleviate the impact of control delay. It is easy to be transformed from conventional virtual resistance damping method since just an additional digital filter is needed. Theoretical analyses for the essence equivalent relationship between passive damping and virtual resistance damping, as well as the impact investigation of control delay are made in details. The results show that the traditional virtual resistance active damping method is equivalent to passive damping of connecting damping resistance in parallel with the capacitor in the control block diagram, while the proposed virtual resistance active damping method is equivalent to passive damping of connecting damping resistance in series with the capacitor in the control block diagram. Both simulation and experimental results have verified the feasibility.

Selective Wireless Power Transfer to Multiple Loads Using Receivers of Different Resonant Frequencies

In multiple receivers of resonant wireless power transfer, selective power flow among the loads is an important issue. This paper proposes a new method to control power division. The two-coil structure with different resonant frequencies of the sending and receiving loops is modeled and analyzed. The efficiency is proved to peak at the resonant frequency of the receiving loop, regardless of the resonant frequency of the sending loop. Using this feature, selective power transfer can be achieved by setting the receiving loops at different resonant frequencies. The efficiency of a particular load is greatly influenced by the driving frequency. The multiple-load system with different resonant frequencies is modeled and the efficiency expression of each load is deduced. The mutual inductances of the receiving coils have a small impact on the efficiency distribution. The closer the resonant frequencies of the receiving loops, the less isolated the related loads. The calculations and the experiments confirm the analysis.

Closed-Form Oriented Modeling and Analysis of Wireless Power Transfer System With Constant-Voltage Source and Load

In many practical applications of wireless power transfer, the battery, which can be modeled as a voltage source, is charged wirelessly from the voltage-source inverter via the transmitter and the receiver. Therefore, it is crucial to analyze such a wireless power transfer system. In this paper, the closed-form oriented modeling and analysis of the wireless power transfer system with the constant-voltage source and load are conducted. Two cases are studied: both the transmitter and the receiver are under resonance, and only the receiver is under resonance. In the latter case, the transmitter is set to be inductive for the implementation of zero voltage switching. The battery current, the output power, and the transfer efficiency of both cases are analyzed and compared in detail. The voltage gain, the power factor, and the output power of the latter case are studied to offer physical insights and design guidelines. An experimental prototype is implemented to verify the analysis. The experiments agree with the calculations.

The Impact of Nonlinear Junction Capacitance on Switching Transient and Its Modeling for SiC MOSFET

The nonlinear junction capacitances of power devices are critical for the switching transient, which should be fully considered in the modeling and transient analysis, especially for high-frequency applications. The silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFET combined with SiC Schottky Barrier Diode (SBD) is recognized as the proposed choice for high-power and high-frequency converters. However, in the existing SiC MOSFET models only the nonlinearity of gate-drain capacitance is considered meticulously, but the drain-source capacitance, which affects the switching commutation process significantly, is generally regarded as constant. In addition, the nonlinearity of diode junction capacitance is neglected in some simplified analysis. Experiments show that without full consideration of nonlinear junction capacitances, some significant deviations between simulated and measured results will emerge in the switching waveforms. In this paper, the nonlinear characteristics of drain-source capacitance in SiC MOSFET are studied in detail, and the simplified modeling methods for engineering applications are presented. On this basis, the SiC MOSFET model is improved and the simulation results with improved model correspond with the measured results much better than before, which verify the analysis and modeling.

A DC-link voltage control scheme for single-phase grid-connected PV inverters

A fast DC-link voltage controller is desirable to reduce the DC-link capacitor for PV inverters. This paper proposes a method for single-phase grid-connected PV inverters to remove the ripple component from the DC-link voltage signal and a scheme to regulate the DC-link voltage based on energy-balance analysis. The proposed scheme provides excellent dynamic performance as well as a function to prevent DC-link overvoltage by limiting the input power, which is verified by both simulation and experiments.

Direct Power Control Based on Natural Switching Surface for Three-Phase PWM Rectifiers

In this letter, the natural trajectories of the output voltage and the inductor currents for three-phase pulse width modulation rectifiers are presented. On this basis, a novel direct power control (DPC) using the natural switching surface is proposed by combining DPC with the boundary control. Compared to the conventional DPC, the proposed control considers the output voltage when selecting the switching states. Therefore, the proposed control does not need an outer voltage control loop and can highly improve the dynamic performance of the dc output voltage. The experimental results on a 1.5-kW prototype confirm the correctness of the theoretical analysis. They verify the feasibility and the validity of the proposed control and show the excellent dynamic performance.

Wireless Power Transfer to Multiple Loads Over Various Distances Using Relay Resonators

Resonant wireless power transfer has attracted much attention in recent decades. In some practical applications such as wireless sensor networks, multiple-load transfer over various distances is required. In this letter, the intermediate-coil structure is utilized to transfer the same power to multiple loads over various distances, which indicates that the intermediate coils work both as relay resonators and as power receivers. The mathematical model is built and in-depth analysis is conducted. Four important factors, namely the source matching factor, the load matching factor, the transfer quality factor, and the reflected impedance factor, are employed to build the mathematical model of n-load transfer. The conditions to transmit the same power to all the loads attached in each relay resonator are investigated. The optimal load resistance and the highest efficiency with the same load resistance are derived. The theoretical calculations and the experimental results of double-load and three-load transfer confirm the analysis.

Employing Load Coils for Multiple Loads of Resonant Wireless Power Transfer

The load coils are employed for multiple loads of resonant wireless power transfer in this paper. With the addition of the load coil, this three-coil structure has easy access to transferring power to multiple loads with the advantages of a compact structure and controllable power flow. Both single-load transfer and multiple-load transfer are modeled and analyzed by means of the circuit theory. The transfer quality factor and the load matching factor are utilized in the analysis of efficiency. In the single-load transfer, the load matching condition is fully explored. Based on the single-load transfer, the multiple-load transfer is researched. The double-load transfer, acting as an illustration, is studied with the uncoupled and coupled load coils. Equivalent reflected resistances are introduced to decouple the model of the double-load transfer with coupled load coils mathematically. An experimental prototype is implemented to verify the aforementioned analysis. The experimental results agree with the theoretical calculations.

Predictive DC voltage control for three-phase grid-connected PV inverters based on energy balance modeling

DC voltage control is critical for grid-connected inverters, as it contributes to reduce the DC capacitance and improve system reliability as well as MPPT performance. A predictive control scheme of DC voltage for single-stage three-phase grid-connected PV inverters is proposed based on the analysis of the energy balance relationship in one control period, while AC current is also regulated by predictive control. The proposed scheme provides both good dynamic and steady-state performance. The dynamic response is especially excellent. The DC voltage is adjusted as fast as possible with little overshoot.

Transmission Loss Optimization Based Optimal Power Flow Strategy by Hierarchical Control for DC Micro-grids

This paper proposes an efficient power flow sharing and voltage regulation control method based on hierarchical control to minimize the transmission loss of dc microgrids. Different from the conventional optimal power flow algorithm for the dc grids, the proposed approach needs neither prior knowledge of the grids conductance matrix nor the load distribution matrix, which means improvement of the expansibility and reduction of the cost. At the primary control level, a voltage droop characteristic is set for each converter to improve the stability and reliability of the grid. The secondary control level aims to regulate the power flow of the microgrid to the optimal condition. The two control levels exchange information by low bandwidth communication. The validity of the proposed approach is verified by both simulation results of a dc microgrid based on IEEE 14-bus system and experimental results on a 50-V two-terminal prototype dc microgrid.