Fandi Dwiputra Suprianto

The effect of nitrogen on biogas flame propagation characteristic in premix combustion

Biogas is one of alternative energy and categorized as renewable energy. The main sources of biogas come from animal waste, garbage, and household waste that are organic waste. Primarily, over 50% of this energy contains methane (CH4). The other substances or inhibitors are nitrogen and carbon dioxide. Previously, carbon dioxide effect on biogas combustion is already experimented. The result shows that carbon dioxide reduces the flame propagation speed of biogas combustion. Then, nitrogen as an inhibitor obviously also brings some effects to the biogas combustion, flame propagation speed, and flame characteristics. Spark ignited cylinder is used for the premixed biogas combustion research. An acrylic glass is used as the material of this transparent cylinder chamber. The cylinder is filled with methane (CH4), oxygen (O2), and nitrogen (N2) with particular percentage. In this experiment, the nitrogen composition are set to 0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%. The result shows that the flame propagation spe...

Biomass Briquette Investigation from Pterocarpus Indicus Leaves Waste as an Alternative Renewable Energy

Pterocarpus indicus are commonly utilized as greening and found in Surabaya city. Since this plant exists in large number, its fallen twigs become waste and aggravating the cleanliness of the Surabaya city. This study has investigated the possibility to utilize Pterocarpus indicus twigs waste as a renewable energy source. The study investigated the effect of tapioca (binding material) proportion toward the calorific value of briquette. The investigation was conducted using biomass composition ranges from 50% to 90% with 10% increase for each trial. The result suggests that the 90% biomass material-10% binding materials blends are the ideal composition for Pterocarpus indicus twigs waste briquette. Afterward, proximate and ultimate analyses were conducted to determine the viability of Pterocarpus indicus twigs waste as fuel. Another investigation was also conducted to discover the effect of particle size and compacting pressure on briquette quality. The parameters used for assessing briquette quality include flame temperature, ignition time, burning time, and combustion rate. The result suggested that the value of flame temperature, ignition time and burning time increase with the increase of compacting pressure and smaller particle size. Combustion rate dropped as the pressure increase and particle size reduced. The best quality for briquettes of Pterocarpus indicus is acquired with a particle size of 60 mesh and compacting pressure of 2 MPa, which have a flame temperature of 515 °C, ignition time 251 seconds, burning time of 6590 seconds, and a combustion rate of 0.00303 gr/seconds.

Investigation on Biomass Briquette as Energy Source from Waste Leaf Cerbera Manghas

Indonesia is a tropical country and has abundant varieties of plants but has not been utilized to the fullest. One of the plants that are often encountered in the community is Cerbera manghas . Cerbera manghas is known as one of the trees that have solid roots; thus, it is widely used for adding greenery both on the roadside and the residential areas of Surabaya. Although beneficial for shade and the reduction of air pollution in urban areas, waste from the leaves of this plant become a serious issue for the cleanliness of the city. Organic solid waste that comes from the falling leaves have the potential to be used as a solid fuel alternative in the form of briquettes when processed appropriately. This study aims to investigate the potential of Cerbera manghas leaves waste to be used as raw material of biomass briquettes with tapioca as a binder, to evaluate the property of the resulted briquettes using ultimate analysis, proximate analysis, and also to find the effect of the composition of tapioca to the heating value of the biomass briquettes. Heating values ​​of five mixtures with various tapioca compositions of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% were evaluated using an oxygen bomb calorimeter. The experimental results showed that the biomass briquettes made of Cerbera manghas leaves waste can be made using tapioca as a binder. The greater the percentage of the mass of tapioca in the briquettes, the lower heating value generated. Biomass briquettes made of Cerbera manghas leaves waste can be made into a source of sustainable energy with the optimal composition of 90% waste leaves and 10% tapioca.

The Effect of Nitrogen on Flame Characteristics in Biogas External Premixed Combustion

Biogas contains more than 50% methane (CH4), is a renewable and eco-friendly fuel produced by bacterial action. Not only is biogas flammable but it also contains inhibitors like carbon dioxide and nitrogen, as well as small amounts of H2, O2, H2S and others. Several associated studies have been conducted in order to examine biogas combustion characteristics in external combustion and flame angle, flame height and dimensionless flame height are the important characteristics in external premixed combustion. This research’s aims were to discover the influences of N2 as it is the second most prevalent inhibitor in biogas by burning stoichiometric fuel mixtures (CH4 and N2 (0%-50% of fuel)) and oxygen in an experimental external premixed combustion burner whose nozzle tip diameter was 5 mm. The burner was connected to a hose from the oxygen tank and another hose from the fuel tank. Two regulators and flowmeters were placed on each tank to monitor the flow supplied to the mixer and burner. The valves were used to stop or open the fluid supply. The outcome flame propagation is then recorded by a high speed camera and then processed through a computer system. The results indicate that N2 influenced the flame angle, flame height and dimensionless flame height. The higher the N2 content inside the fuel, the shorter the flame height and the lower the dimensionless flame height. Moreover, increasing the N2 content created larger the flame angle.