Fang Weixuan

Geochemical Characteristics and Significance of Major Elements, Trace Elements and REE in Mineralized Altered Rocks of Large-Scale Tsagaan Suvarga Cu-Mo Porphyry Deposit in Mongolia

Abstract The alteration types of the large-scale Tsagaan Suvarga Cu-Mo porphyry deposit mostly comprise stockwork silicification, argillization, quartz-sericite alteration, K-silicate alteration, and propylitization. The mineralized and altered zones from hydrothermal metallogenic center to the outside successively are Cu-bearing stockwork silicification zone, Cubearing argillized zone, Cu-Mo-bearing quartz-sericite alteration zone, Cu-Mo-bearing K-silicate alteration zone, and propylitization zone. The K-silicate alteration occurred in the early phase, quartz-sericite alteration in the medium phase, and argillization and carbonatization (calcite) in the later phase. Ore-bearing-altered rocks are significantly controlled by the structure and fissure zones of different scales, and NE- and NW-trending fissure zones could probably be the migration pathways of the porphyry hydrothermal system. Results in this study indicated that the less the concentrations of REE, LREE, and HREE and the more the extensive fractionation between LREE and HREE, the closer it is to the center circulatory hydrothermal ore-forming and the more extensive silicification. The exponential relationship between the fractionation of LREE and HREE and the intensity of silicification and K-silicate alteration was found in the Cu-Mo deposit studied. The negative Eu anomaly, normal Eu, positive Eu anomaly and obviously positive Eu anomaly are coincident with the enhancement of Na 2 O and K 2 O concentrations gradually, which indicated that Eu anomaly would be significantly controlled by the alkaline metasomatism of the circulatory hydrothermal ore-forming system. Therefore, such characteristics as the positive Eu anomaly, the obvious fractionation between LREE and HREE and their related special alteration lithofacies are suggested to be metallogenic prognostic and exploration indications for Tsagaan Suvarga-style porphyry Cu-Mo deposits in Mongolia and China.

Mineralization zoning in Yindongzi-Daxigou barite-siderite, silver-polymetallic deposits in the Qinling orogen, China

The Yindongzi-Daxigou strata-bound barite-siderite, silver-polymetallic deposits discovered in the Qinling orogen are hosted within flysch facies in a deep-water fault-controlled basin on the passive northern margin of the Qinling microplate. The orebodies occur in a series of hydrothermal depositional rocks. Mineralization zoning is characterized by Fe-Ba←Ba-Cu← Pb-Ag→Cu-Ag→Pb→Au. This is obviously a gradational transition mineralization from ventproximal mineralization to more distal mineralization. In this gradational transition between Chefanggou and Yindongzi, vent-proximal mineralization consists of silver-polymetallic orebodies (Pb-Ag), which is the center of hydrothermal mineralization. The Chefanggou Ba-Cu ore district in the west and the Yindongzi Cu-Ag ore district in the east represent vent lateral mineralization. Distal mineralization in the west is represented by the Daxigou Fe-Ba ore district while distal mineralization in the east is represented by the Pb ore district. Thick massive, laminated barren albite chert and jasperite, sometimes with minor silver-ploymetallic mineralization of commercial importance, and pyritization in rocks feature more distal mineralization. Geochemical anomalies of Au-As associations are found in ankerite phyllite and muddy sandstone. Actually, Au deposits are dominantly controlled by the late brittle-ductile shear zone.