Faruk Yamaner

The effects of two different exercise programmes on adipose tissue hormones in sedentary middle-aged women

Abstract Adipokines play an important role in obesity and related inflammatory disorders. We aimed to determine the effects of exercise training on serum adipokines. Forty sedentary women were randomly assigned to two groups as aerobic (AE) and core exercise (CE). The exercise programmes were performed 4 days a week for 16 weeks. Blood samples were taken before and after the 8 and 16 weeks training period. Percent changes of each parameter were calculated. Sixteen weeks of exercise caused significant decrease in body weight and fat mass (p < 0.001), significant increase in adiponectin (16.1% in AE, 15.8% in CE group, p < 0.05) and resistin levels (21.1% in AE and 26.6% in CE group, p < 0.05) but had no effect on leptin and ghrelin levels. Eight weeks of exercise had no effect on adipokines except leptin. These data suggest that both exercise programmes have improving effects on body composition, adiponectin and resistin levels.

Effects of Exercise on Levels of Depression

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exercise on depression levels. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was applied to a total of 605 subjects at different exercise levels. The BDI score of non-exercising group was 13.18, while the average score of those who exercise was found to be 8.93. Non-exercising group showed higher depressive symptoms than the exercising group. Gender had no significant difference on the levels of depression (p>.05). Non-exercising group was found to be more depressive than the exercising group (p<.01). It was observed that exercising resulted in a low level of depression and the level of depression was reduced as the exercise time was increased. It can be said that exercise had a positive effect on reducing depression. People should be motivated and encouraged for having the habit of regular exercise to improve the quality of life.

The Effects of Intensive Training on Selected Sex Hormones in Young Wrestlers

Abstract Adolescence is a crucial period for growth and sports training during this period, besides its positive effects, may have negative effects on growth. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of an 8-month intensive training on selected hormones in young male wrestlers. Forty-five subjects (13.94±0.57) volunteered as the training group (TG) and a control group (CG) of 35 non-athlete subjects (13.93±0.51) was assigned. TG attended to an 8-month wrestling training program for 5 days a week 90 minutes per day. CG did not receive any exercise sessions. Homogeneity of data was tested by using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (p>.05) and independent samples t-test was used to analyse the significance of the differences between pre and post-tests. Change in luteinising hormone levels was significant (p<.01) but no significant difference was observed in the other hormone levels (p>.05) or BMI (p>.05). In conclusion, long-term intensive training caused alterations in LH hormone responses in young wrestlers.

The Effect of Aerobic and Core Exercises on Forced Vital Capacity

Abstract The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of aerobic and core strength exercises on forced vital capacity in sedentary women. A total of 40 healthy sedentary women (20 in an aerobic-step group and 20 in a core strength exercise group) with a mean age of 34.4±2.4 years participated voluntarily in this study. Two different exercises were applied to the women for 12 weeks, 4 days a week, at the intensity of 70% for 60 minutes. The womens resting heart rate (RHR), maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), forced vital capacity (FVC), and forced air volume in the first second of forced expiration (FEV1) were measured before and after exercise. For statistical analysis, the Paired Samples-t test was used for intra-group evaluations, and the Independent Samples-t test was used for inter-group evaluations. After the exercise program, significant increases were found in the VO2max, FVC, and FEV1 values, while both groups experienced a decreased RHR (p<0.01). Since the aerobic and forced vital capacities of the sedentary women show a parallel increase as a result of the applied 12-week aerobic and core strength exercises, it can be said that the RHR, VO2maxmax, FEV, and FEV1 respiratory parameters also improved in a positive manner. For this reason, it may be advisable to apply both exercise types for the development of the aerobic and vital capacities of sedentary women.

The effect of exercises on left ventricular systolic and diastolic heart function in sedentary women: Step-aerobic vs core exercises

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of 16 weeks step-aerobic exercises and core exercises on left ventricular structure and function with some physiological parameters in sedentary women. Methods To achieve the purpose of this study, a total of 45 volunteers including (step-aerobic group (SAG, n = 25), core exercise group (CEG, n = 20) were selected as participants. Two different exercises were applied for 4 days a week, throughout 16 weeks, within 60 minutes for each exercise with the intensity of heart rate (HR) 60-70 percent. The HR was measured using a heart rate monitor for each subject. The physical, biochemical and echocardiographic characteristics of the women were measured before and after the exercise. Results During the exercise periods, there were a meaningful decrease in the body weight, BMI, value of waist region and hip circumference of the women in both intervention groups as well as in the values of HR, DBP, SBP (p < 0,05). In addition, serum homocysteine (Hcy) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP) levels decreased and the VO2max and left ventricular diastolic end-diastolic dimension increased in both SAG and CEG (p < 0.05). The left ventricular diastolic functions of the SAG improved more than CEG. Left ventricular systolic ejection time and fractional shortening meaningfully improved in both SAG and CEG (p < 0.01). Conclusion 16 weeks of step-aerobic and core exercise showed significant changes of inflammatory and lipid markers with cardiac dimensions and had favorable effects on both left ventricular systolic function. Left ventricular diastolic function had more improved in SAG than the CEG.