Fátima Farelo

Activity Coefficients of Potassium Chloride in Water–Ethanol Mixtures

Activity coefficients of KCl were determined in water–ethanol solvents in the range 5–20% (w/w) ethanol, from experimental electromotive force (emf) data. The molalities varied from 0.1 mol-kg−1 to near saturation and measurements were taken in the temperature range 25 to 45°C. The Pitzer model was used to describe the nonideal behavior of the electrolyte and the corresponding coefficients were determined for each solvent. The Pitzer–Simonson equations were also applied and found superior in the study of KCl in those nonaqueous solutions.

Activity Coefficients of Potassium Chloride and Sodium Chloride in the Quaternary System KCl-NaCl-Water-Ethanol

Activity coefficients of KCl and NaCl were determined in the quaternary system KCl-NaCl-water-ethanol, for 10 and 20% (w/w) ethanol in the solvent, from experimental electromotive force data. The molalities varied from 0.1 mol kg−1 to near saturation and measurements were taken in the temperature range 20 to 50°C. The Pitzer-Simonson equations were used to describe the nonideal behavior of both electrolytes and the corresponding activity coefficients were determined for each solvent and temperature.