Fatma Atakul

Antibacterial Activity of 2% Chlorhexidine Gluconate and 5.25% Sodium Hypochlorite in Infected Root Canal: In Vivo Study

In this study, the antibacterial activity of the different antibacterial solutions using as root canal irrigant was compared in the teeth with pulpal necrosis and with periapical pathosis. Thirty root canals of incisors and premolars of 20 patients were used. Before and after the root canal preparation, two canal samples were obtained by a harvesting method using a sterile paper point in the first appointment. During the biomechanical preparation, both irrigant solutions were used for each tooth which were randomly divided into two groups. Last samples were also obtained before the root filling procedure. Samples obtained from the root canals were subjected to microbiologic processing, including anaerobic incubation on trypticase soy agar for 5 to 7 days. After counting of CFU on the plates, we concluded that both chlorhexidine gluconate and sodium hypochlorite were significantly effective to reduce the microorganisms in the teeth with necrotic pulp, periapical pathologies, or both, and could be used successfully as an irrigant solution.

Causes of Dental Fractures in the Early Permanent Dentition: A Retrospective Study

Two hundred eight patients, who applied to the Department of Pedodontics, Dental School, Dicle University between 1995 and 1998, were evaluated in terms of permanent teeth fracture. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the probable causes of the trauma, the effects of age and gender on dental trauma, prevalence of fracture types, and distribution of fracture type according to arch. It was observed that the falls or collisions were the main causes. It was also determined that the age group most frequently suffering fractures was ages 9 to 11 years. The majority of the patients were male. The enamel-dentin-pulp-type fracture and those causing the tooth to become nonvital were the most prevalent, and the majority of the fractures were observed in maxillary central teeth.

Three-year clinical evaluation of endodontically treated anterior teeth restored with a polyethylene fibre-reinforced composite

BACKGROUND Polyethylene fibre-reinforced composites (FRCs) have been under development for some time. However, there is a lack of data on the clinical performance of these restorations. The purpose of this descriptive study was to evaluate the clinical performance of endodontically treated anterior teeth restored using polyethylene FRCs. METHODS Eighty-seven endodontically treated anterior teeth in 65 patients were restored with polyethylene FRCs. The restorations were placed by three operators. The patients were recalled for examinations every year for up to three years. The restorations were evaluated using modified Ryge and USPHS criteria. RESULTS A statistical analysis showed no significant difference in marginal irregularity, marginal discolouration, surface texture, wear/anatomic form, fracture and retention, radiographic appearance, or debonding between the baseline and three-year results. CONCLUSIONS Based on our three-year examination results, polyethylene FRC restorations appear to be clinically successful.

Evaluation of caries risk factors and effects of a fluoride-releasing adhesive material in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM): initial first-year results

The aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of dental caries, and to determine whether there is any relationship between a fluoride-releasing adhesive material and the development of dental caries in the first year in children with insulin-dependent diabetics (IDDM). The average age of the subjects was 4-15 years, and they had been suffering from IDDM for at least 2 years. The DMF/df(t) indices of 70 patients were calculated and total HbA1 (%) (glucose levels of blood) values were recorded from the medical records after clinical examination. The mean DMF/df(t) values of poorly controlled subjects (HbA1 values over 13%) were significantly higher than those of moderately (HbA1, 10.0-12.9%) and well-controlled (HbA1 values, <10%) subjects. The levels of salivary mutans streptococci (MS) and lactobacilli (LB) and the pH of paraffin-stimulated whole saliva were measured in diabetic patients. Salivary MS and LB scores of the poorly controlled subjects were significantly higher (2.5 ± 0.7 and 2.1 ± 1.0) than those of the moderately (1.6 ± 0.9 and 1.1 ± 0.8) and well-controlled (1.2 ± 1.0 and 0.8 ± 0.8) subjects. The mean pH values among all subjects were not statistically significant. All dental caries were restored with a fluoride-releasing adhesive material. At the end of the first year, no new caries or lost restorations were observed in these patients. Moreover, the rate of MS in the poorly and moderately controlled subjects was considerably reduced. However, no significant statistical reduction of MS was determined in the well-controlled subjects. The level of lactobacilli in the poorly controlled, moderately controlled, and well-controlled subjects was reduced.

Restoring Aesthetics and Function in a Young Boy with Hypomature Amelogenesis Imperfecta: A Case Report

Amelogenesis imperfecta has been described as a complex group of inherited conditions that disturbs the developing enamel structure and exists independent of any related systemic disorder. It is a rare dental disease but represents a great restorative challenge for dentists. A 12-year-old boy presented with sensitive, discolored, and mutilated teeth and decreased vertical dimension of occlusion. Direct composite resin restorations were applied to all teeth to modify the occlusion, to restore mild crowding, and to improve aesthetics. The 24-month recall examination revealed no pathology associated with the rehabilitation, and the patients aesthetic and functional expectations were satisfied. The rehabilitation included multiple anterior and posterior composite resins to eliminate tooth sensitivity, improve the aesthetics and occlusion, and restore function.

The Detailed Evaluation of Supernumerary Teeth with the Aid of Cone Beam Computed Tomography

ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the application of a recently developed three-dimensional imaging system, cone beam computed tomography, in the detailed evaluation of supernumerary teeth. Two-hundred and twenty three patients with supernumerary teeth (68 females and 155 males) were included in this study. Patients ranged in age from 12 to 25 years. Supernumerary teeth were detected by clinical examination and traditional radiographies. Moreover, careful investigation for more details was made with the cone beam computed tomography. Supernumerary teeth which were detected with the examinations of the cone beam computed tomography images were classified according to the number, location, shape and eruption rate. The prevalence of supernumerary teeth was determined to be 1.45% of the study population. Males were affected more than females in a ratio of 2.3:1. Supernumerary teeth were most frequently located in 86.2% of the cases in the maxilla; 10.1% in the mandible and 3.7% both in the maxilla and mandible. Supernumerary teeth were most commonly conical in shape (68.8%). One supernumerary tooth was present in 67.7% of the patients, 30.9% had two, and 1.4% had three supernumeraries. Definite and early diagnosis of the supernumerary teeth is very important. Detailed examinations and evaluations of these teeth with three-dimensional images is very benefical in terms of treatment planning and preventing complications which may occur.

Types of Rickets, Dental and Histologic Findings: Review of the Literature

Introducao: O raquiti smo, uma doenca que ocorre durante a infância, e a falta de crescimento osseo necessario para a mineralizacao. Diversas alteracoes radiografi cas esqueleti cas podem ocorrer devido a ausencia de osteoide calcifi cado e a formacao de carti lagem. A formacao ossea adequada requer uma complexa interacao de varios orgaos e produtos quimicos, e a vitamina D merece uma mencao especial, pois qualquer alteracao na sua producao, absorcao ou no seu metabolismo e fundamental para o desenvolvimento do raquiti smo. Acredita-se que a fi siopatologia da doenca esta no transporte inadequado do fosfato, especialmente na diminuicao da reabsorcao de fosfato no tubulo renal proximal bem como no intesti no. Na maioria dos casos, o diagnosti co e estabelecido com uma historia completa e exame fi sico, e confi rmado por exames laboratoriais. O diagnosti co precoce e essencial, pois a morbidade pode ser minimizada se as criancas forem tratadas antes dos oito meses de idade. Objeti vo: Apresentar os varios ti pos de raquiti smo com suas caracteristi cas clinicas, aspectos dentarios, medidas preventi vas e tratamento. Conclusao: O cirurgiao-denti sta, bem como o pediatra, devem ser informados das caracteristi cas desta desordem para que a intervencao precoce possa evitar sequelas subsequentes e procedimentos odontologicos mais invasivos.

A comparison of the levels of microleakage of five adhesive systems

Objective: The aim of this study was a comparative assessment of in vitro microleakage of five different new generation self-etching adhesive systems. Materials and Methods: One hundred recently extracted fresh caries-free human permanent molars were used. Teeth were randomly assigned to one of five groups (n = 20). Clearfil S 3 Bond (Group I), Xeno V (Group II), G Bond (guanine-cytosine) (Group III), Optibond All in One (Group IV) and iBond (Group V) were applied, then polymerized with light emitting diode and restored with a nanofill composite. Teeth were coated twice with acid resistant varnish and immersed in 0.5% methylene blue. Specimens were cut bucco-palatinally/lingually, with microleakage scores evaluated on a scale from 0 to 4 under a stereomicroscope and then analyzed under a scanning electron microscope. Results: The differences among the gingival and occlusal microleakage scores of the groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05) (P = 0.043, P = 0.005). Occlusal microleakage scores of Clearfil S 3 Bond and Optibond All in One were considerably lower than those of the other three groups. While the highest microleakage was observed with iBond, there was no statistical difference between the Xeno V and G Bond groups (P > 0.05). The highest gingival microleakage scores were in the iBond group; though, statistically there was no significant difference among the other groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The occlusal and gingival microleakage scores of self-etching adhesive systems in this study were satisfactory except for one group (Group V-iBond).