Fatma S. M. Abu El-Azm

Synthesis of Novel Indeno[1,2-c]isoquinoline Derivatives

Indeno[1,2-c]isochromene was prepared using the readily obtainable starting materials via the condensation of dimethyl homophthalate with 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde in the presence of sodium methoxide in absolute methanol followed by saponification and cyclization with concentrated sulfuric acid at 0°C. The proclivity of cyclized product for undergoing nucleophilic addition has been tested by reaction with nitrogen nucleophiles. Structural assignments are based on spectroscopic data (infrared, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectra) and confirmed by the single-crystal x-ray molecular structure (2 and 3).

Utility of cyano- N -(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroindol-3-ylidene)acetohydrazide in the synthesis of novel heterocycles

Cyano-N-(2-oxo-1,2-dihydroindol-3-ylidene)acetohydrazide was prepared by condensation of isatin with cyanoaceto-hydrazide in refluxing 1,4-dioxane. Subsequent reaction with a variety of electrophilic and nucleophilic reagents afforded novel heterocyclic compounds and spirooxoindoles. The IR, 1H NMR and mass spectra of all the synthesised compounds are discussed.

Design, Synthesis, and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Novel Thienopyrimidines and Triazolothienopyrimidines

Abstract 2-Cyanoacetohydrazide and 2-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene derivatives were exploited as starting materials for the syntheses of novel thienopyrimidines and triazolothienopyrimidines. The proclivity of these compounds toward one-carbon donor reagents such as carbon disulfide, phenyl isothiocyanate, and aromatic aldehydes was investigated. The structures of all synthesized compounds were ascertained by spectral and analytical data. The antimicrobial activity of the target synthesized compounds was tested against various microorganisms. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Synthesis and Reactions of Novel 2,5-Disubstituted 1,3,4-Thiadiazoles

Abstract The desired 1,3,4-thiadiazole compounds bearing different substituents were obtained by the cyclization of the corresponding thiosemicarbazide followed by the reaction with electrophilic reagents, such as aromatic aldehydes, isatin, phenyl isothiocyanate, and carbon disulfide. The newly synthesized 2,5-disubstituted 1,3,4-thiadiazoles were obtained in good yields and their structures were elucidated by spectral data and elemental analysis. [Supplementary materials are available for this article. Go to the publishers online edition of Synthetic Communications® for the following free supplemental resource(s): Full experimental and spectral details.] GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of some novel dithiolane, thiophene, coumarin, and 2-pyridone derivatives

ABSTRACT Novel 2-cyano-N-[1-(naphtha-2-yl)ethylidene] acetohydrazide 1 was utilized as key intermediate for the synthesis of some new dithiolane, thiophene, coumarin, 2-pyridone, and other related products containing a hydrazide moiety. Newly synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental analyses and spectral data (IR, 1H NMR and mass spectra). The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized compounds was evaluated. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Synthesis and reactions of indeno[1,2-c]chromene-6,11-dione derivatives

Indeno[1,2-c]chromene-6,11-dione was prepared using the readily obtainable starting materials via the condensation of dimethyl homophthalate with 2,6-dichlorobenzaldehyde in the presence of sodium hydride in dry benzene followed by saponification and cyclisation with concentrated sulfuric acid at 0°C. The tendency of indeno[1,2-c]chromene-6,11-dione for undergoing nucleophilic addition has been tested by reaction with nitrogen nucleophiles such as hydrazine hydrate, hydroxylamine hydrochloride, ethyl carbazate, cyanoacetic acid hydrazide, thiosemicarbazide and 4-methylbenzenesulfonohydrazide. The IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectra of the synthesised compounds are discussed.

New potential antitumor quinazolinones derived from dynamic 2-undecyl benzoxazinone: Synthesis and cytotoxic evaluation

Abstract Since the quinazoline and its derivatives have been considered as a novel class of cancer chemotherapeutic agents that show promising activity against different tumors, a new series of 6-iodo-2-undecylquinazolin-4(3H)-ones were prepared via reaction of 6-iodo-2-undecyl-4H-benzoxazin-4-one with nitrogen nucleophiles, namely, primary amines, 4-amino antipyrine, hydrazine hydrate, diamines, ethanol amine, and/or hydrazide derivatives and screened for their antitumor activity in vitro against a panel of three human tumor cell lines namely; hepatocellular carcinoma (liver) HepG2, colon cancer HCT-116, and mammary gland breast MCF-7. Compounds 14, 16, and 18 showed remarkable broad spectrum antitumor activity. All compounds were fully characterized by means of IR, MS, and 1H-NMR spectra. Graphical Abstract

Synthesis and antitumor evaluation of novel tetrahydrobenzo[4′,5′]thieno[3′,2′:5,6]pyrimido[1,2-b]isoquinoline derivatives

ABSTRACT In the present study, a novel 8,9,10,11-tetrahydro-7H,14H-benzo[4′,5′] thieno[2′,3′:4,5]-1,3-oxazino[3,2-b]isoquinoline-7,14-dione 5 was prepared by condensation of 2-amino-3-carbethoxy-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzothiophene with homophthalic anhydride under microwave irradiation, followed by alkaline hydrolysis and cyclization using acetyl chloride. Compound 5 was further allowed to react with different nitrogen nucleophiles to get new tetrahydrobenzothienopyrimido isoquinolinone derivatives. The structures of the prepared compounds were elucidated by IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and mass spectroscopy. The newly prepared compounds were tested in vitro against a panel of two human tumor cell lines, namely, hepatocellular carcinoma (liver) HepG2, and mammary gland breast MCF-7. Almost all the tested compounds showed satisfactory activity. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Recent Developments in Chemistry of Phthalazines

This review highlights the methods used for the synthesis of phthalazine derivatives and fused phthalazinones. Their reactivity and synthetic importance were investigated. Phthalazine derivatives can be used as building blocks for heterocycles as well as fused heterocyclic compounds.