Felipe Pereira Loureiro

Public opinion and foreign policy in João Goulart's Brazil (1961-1964): Coherence between national and foreign policy perceptions?

This paper analyses public opinion during the Joao Goulart government in Brazil (1961-1964), focusing on public perceptions on domestic and foreign policies. We employ a recently declassified public opinion survey conducted on behalf of United States Information Agency (USIA) in urban areas. We found that the Brazilian public opinion was somewhat coherent, supporting redistributive reforms domestically and a neutralist approach in foreign affairs.

Varrendo a democracia: considerações sobre as relações políticas entre Jânio Quadros e o Congresso Nacional

This article examines the relation between President Jânio Quadros and the National Congress during the early 1960’s. Based on the analysis of the discourse of these figures, it proposes that Quadros maneuvered to diminish the legitimacy of the Congress in the public opinion, thus disrespecting its constitutional competencies. Consequently, it shows that not only did the Congress structure political mechanisms in an attempt to recover its credibility with society, but also that this dispute and its results had important effects on President Joao Goulart’s administration and even on the 1964 military coup.

A pericentric Punta del Este: Cuba’s failed attempt to join the Latin American Free Trade Area (LAFTA) and the limits of Brazil’s independent foreign policy

This article analyzes a crucial but still neglected episode in Latin America’s Cold War: the mobilization of regional anti-Communist governments to oppose Cuba’s attempt to join the Latin American Free Trade Area (LAFTA) in August 1962. We focus particularly on the forces that shaped Brazil’s position, which initially supported Cuba, but eventually changed course.

Securing sex: morality and repression in the making of Cold War Brazil

targeting of Muslim Americans since September 11, 2001. A discussion of the integral role of Muslim Americans in American society to help challenge the Manichean view of the world that Little critiques would have been a welcome addition.5 Yet, that Manichean view is deeply rooted and revealing. The United States remains the most influential military, political, economic, and cultural force on the planet. It has shaped and reshaped international institutions in its image and to reflect its foreign policy interests. As Little demonstrates, the perceptions of American policymakers and the experts that advised them were too often coloured by dangers and threats – real, imagined, or manufactured. Us versus Them is accessible for undergraduate and graduate students as well as a general readership. It is likely to inspire and inform future studies of America’s engagement with and attempts to counter political Islam.

The Alliance for Progress and President João Goulart’s Three-Year Plan: the deterioration of U.S.-Brazilian Relations in Cold War Brazil (1962)

Abstract This paper analyses U.S.-Brazilian relations during the elaboration of João Goulart’s Three-Year Plan in late 1962, which sought to tackle Brazil’s severe economic imbalances without compromising growth and through the implementation of distributive reforms. Although the plan followed the principles of John F. Kennedy’s Alliance for Progress, Washington did not offer adequate assistance because of Goulart’s threats to increase links with the Soviet bloc. The United States hardened its position, seeking to change the orientation of the Brazilian government. This led to the abandonment of the Three-Year Plan, and contributed to social and political destabilisation that resulted in Brazil’s March 1964 military coup.

Strikes in Brazil during the government of João Goulart (1961–1964)

The article seeks to analyze the strikes of urban workers in Brazil during the government of João Goulart (1961–1964). Previous studies have either solely used the number of walkouts as a basis for analysis or have assessed the size of the strikes on the basis of a limited number of observations. We employ an alternative methodology, founded on nominal variables related to location, sectoral coverage, and labor categories as a proxy for identifying the size of the stoppages and their impact on the economy. It is argued that the Brazilian labor movement was becoming stronger and more autonomous in its relations with the government, and that this changed the balance of power between workers and business groups, contributing to the latter’s support of the overthrow of democracy in Brazil in 1964.

O Plano Trienal no contexto das relações entre Brasil e Estados Unidos (1962-1963)

The Three-Year Plan in the context of the US-Brazilian relations (1962-1963). The paper analyses the US-Brazilian relations during the formulation and implementation of the Three-Year Plan by the government of Joao Goulart. The evidence suggests the limited economic assistance offered by the United States to Brazil, driven by political causes, played a major role in the Three-Year Plans demise. It is argued that Goularts links with the radical left, particularly with groups seen as communists by Washington, was the main reason behind US decision of blocking resources. The conclusions are relevant because scholars have emphasized domestic reasons only to explain the failure of the Three-Year Plan.

Dois pesos, duas medidas: os acordos financeiros de maio de 1961 entre Brasil e Estados Unidos durante os governos Jânio Quadros e João Goulart (1961-1962)

This article analyses the formulation and implementation of the May 1961 Agreements between the U.S. and Brazilian governments. It is argued that the Alliance for Progress, the Kennedys economic aid programme for Latin America, played an important role in providing substantial resources for the Quadros administration. The implementation of these agreements, however, differed considerably after Joao Goulart came into power in September 1961, resulting in fund constraints for the Brazilian government. It is suggested that the main reason for this change was not economic, but political, particularly in regarding to Goularts links with what was seen as communist groups by Washington.