Felipe Wartchow

Diversity of Brazilian Fungi

Ate 2010, o conhecimento sobre a diversidade de fungos do Brasil estava registrado em publicacoes esparsas de taxonomia e ecologia e em algumas poucas listas de especies. Com a publicacao do Catalogo de Plantas e Fungos do Brasil, e a disponibilizacao da lista online, tem sido possivel agregar o conhecimento disperso. A versao ora apresentada acrescenta 2.111 nomes de especies aos 3.608 listados em 2010. Sao citadas 5.719 especies de fungos distribuidas em 1.246 generos, 102 ordens e 13 divisoes, consistindo em consideravel aumento em relacao a 2010, quando estavam registrados 924 generos e 78 ordens. Predominam os Basidiomycota (2.741 especies, em 22 ordens) e Ascomycota (1.881 especies, em 41 ordens). A Mata Atlântica possui a maior quantidade de registros, com 3.017 especies, seguido pela Amazonia (1.050), Caatinga (999), Cerrado (638) e Pampa e Pantanal com 84 e 35 especies, respectivamente. A regiao Nordeste tem a maior riqueza (2.617 especies), seguida pelo Sudeste (2.252), Sul (1.995), Norte (1.301) e Centro Oeste (488 especies). Em relacao aos Estados da Federacao, Sao Paulo (1.846 especies), Pernambuco (1.611) e Rio Grande do Sul (1.377) sao os mais diversos.

Cantharellaceae of Guyana II: New species of Craterellus, new South American distribution records for Cantharellus guyanensis and Craterellus excelsus, and a key to the Neotropical taxa

Craterellus olivaceoluteus sp. nov. and Craterellus cinereofimbriatus sp. nov. are described as new to science. These fungi were collected from Guyana in association with ectomycorrhizal host trees in the genera Dicymbe (Fabaceae subfam. Caesalpinioideae) and Pakaraimaea (Dipterocarpaceae). Cantharellus guyanensis Mont., originally described from French Guiana, is redescribed from recent collections from Guyana, with additional range extensions for the species provided based on material examined from French Guiana, Venezuela, and north central, northeastern and southern Brazil, circumscribing nearly the entire Guiana Shield region and beyond. A new distribution record from French Guiana is provided for Craterellus excelsus T.W. Henkel & Aime. Macromorphological, micromorphological and habitat data are provided for the new species and C. guyanensis as well as DNA sequence data from the nuclear ribosomal regions of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and 28S large subunit (LSU); additional sequence data is provided for C. guyanensis and C. excelsus specimens collected outside Guyana. The relationships of these taxa within the Cantharellaceae were evaluated with phylogenetic analyses of ITS and LSU sequence data. This work brings the total number of Cantharellaceae species known from Guyana to eight. A key to the Cantharellus and Craterellus species known from the lowland Neotropics and extralimital montane Central and South America is provided.

Lactarius rupestris - a new species from the Brazilian semi-arid region.

Lactarius rupestris is proposed as a new species from the Brazilian semiarid region. It is characterized by the rather stout basidiome with a ochraceous salmon stipe that is up to 21 mm wide, a relatively smooth and viscid orange tinted pileus, close and frequently anastomosed lamellae, subglobose to ellipsoid basidiospores with distinct verrucae up to 0.7 μm high, a trichoderm pileipellis, and abundant sphaerocysts in the lamellar and pileus tramas.

Phaeocollybia nigripes (Agaricomycetes), a new species from Brazil

Phaeocollybia nigripes is described from an Atlantic Forest fragment in Pernambuco, Northeast Brazil. It is characterized by a stipe that is uniformly slender with a slightly swollen base and dark grayish brown below to almost black at the apex, brown pileus, large basidiospores that average 12.4 × 6.6 µm, hyphoid to narrowly clavate cheilocystidia, and abundant clamp connections. The holotype of P. megalospora var. megalospora, the putatively most similar taxon, was examined. A key to the six taxa reported from Brazil is also presented.

Studies on lentinoid fungi (Lentinus and Panus) from the semi-arid region of Brazil1

Abstract In this work fresh material and herbarium specimens of Lentinus and Panus from the semi-arid region of Brazil were analyzed. A new species, Panus parvus, is described as one of the smallest species among the lentinoid species. Lentinus bertieri, L. swartzii, Panus tephroleucus, and P. velutinus are recorded for the first time for the Brazilian semi-arid region. Additional, comments and a key to the species of Lentinus and Panus from this region are provided. Panus caespiticola, Panus hirtiformis, and Panus neostrigosus are new combinations proposed here for a clear understanding in the discussion of Panus parvus.

Taxonomic studies of Amanita muscaria (L.) Lam (Amanitaceae, Agaricomycetes) and its infraspecific taxa in Brazil

We analyzed specimens identified as Amanita muscaria, some recently collected and others already deposited in herbaria, in Brazil. We concluded that two subspecies of A. muscaria occur in Brazil: A. muscaria var. muscaria; and A.muscaria var. flavivolvata. The first taxon was found in association with Castanea sativa, and the second (one specimen only) was found in association with Pinus and Eucalyptus spp. Morphologically, A. muscaria var. flavivolvata is distinguished by a shallower subhymenium and by basidiospores that are more elongated than are those of A. muscaria var. muscaria, which is the more widely known subspecies. We present descriptions, discussions, illustrations and a dichotomous key for these two subspecies.

Cantharellus rubescens, a New Chanterelle from the Brazilian Semi-Arid

Abstract Cantharellus rubescens is described and illustrated as new species from the semiarid of Northeastern Brazil. It is recognized by orange-yellow basidiomes, hymenophore and contex with a strong reddening-orange reaction, scaly stipe, basidiospores measuring 6-7.5(-9) × 4-5(-5.5) µm and having thick-walled (1-1.5 µm), terminal elements in the pileipellis. Morphological differences with other, orange-yellow Brazilian Cantharellus species are discussed, such as C. aurantioconspicuus, C. guyanensis and C. protectus.

The (re)discovery of ectomycorrhizal symbioses in Neotropical ecosystems sketched in Florianopolis

VIII Brazilian Mycological Congress, held in Florian opolis, Brazil, October 2016 The VIII Brazilian Mycological Congress, held in Florian opolis (Brazil) in October 2016, was organized by the Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina and brought together more than 1000 scientists of 20 nationalities, which illustrates the dynamism of South American mycology, in many fields. One of the major takehome messages, amongst many research talks and posters, was the rising interest in the ectomycorrhizal (EM) symbiosis, which was addressed by both a symposiumand a 3-dayworkshop ‘To the roots of trees: growing awareness of ectomycorrhizal symbioses in the Neotropics’. Talks on this symbiosis were given by taxonomists and ecologists, and focused on the Neotropics, the tropical realm that extends from the central plateau of Mexico and which includes South America. The inventories of ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF), observations of EM roots, and metabarcoding studies presented revealed a hitherto unsuspected abundance of the EM symbiosis to all participants, including a number of South-American students. This meeting provided great opportunities to share points of view on the historical reasons behind gaps in knowledge on EMF associations in neotropical low-elevation areas. The meeting also highlighted recent discoveries and forthcoming challenges, based on three complementary approaches: studies on fruitbodies, EM roots, and the metabarcoding of soil samples.

Sarcodon atroviridis sensu lato, a stipitate hydnoid from Amazonian campinarana, Roraima, Brazil

Sarcodon atroviridis sensu lato has a rich nomenclatural history as a result of its variable morphology. Here we discuss the species most plastic morphological characters as well as its ecology and distribution, and we report it for the first time from the State of Roraima, Brazil. Color images of the basidiomata, complete descriptions and microscopic images are also provided.

Sebacina aureomagnifica , a new heterobasidiomycete from the Atlantic Forest of northeast Brazil

Sebacina aureomagnifica is described as a new species based on collections from the Atlantic Forest of Paraíba and Rio Grande do Norte, in northeastern Brazil, and is molecularly attributed to the genus Sebacina based on its ribosomal DNA sequence. A striking feature of this newly described fungus is the production of erect, gelatinous yellow basidiomes growing epigeously.