Feng Guang-Yao

The magnet design for the HLS storage ring upgrade project

In order to improve the performance of the Hefei Light Source (HLS), in particular to get higher brilliance synchrotron radiation and increase the number of straight section insertion devices, an upgrade project called HLSII will be launched soon. The storage ring lattice, which has a double bend achromatic structure with four periods, comprises eight dipoles, 32 quadrupoles and 32 combined function sextupoles. The design and analysis of the magnets are shown in this paper, along with the optimization of the multipurpose combined function magnet, which consists of three magnets: skew quadrupole, horizontal dipole and vertical dipole, with the main sextupole magnet. This type of magnet is the first one that has been designed and used in China. The mechanical design and fabrication procedures for the magnets are also presented.

Preliminary study of the higher-harmonic cavity for HLS- II

A higher-harmonic cavity will be used to increase the beam lifetime and suppress coupled-bunch instabilities for Hefei Light Source- II. In this paper, results simulated by the particle-tracking model confirm that tuning in the harmonic cavity may suppress the parasitic coupled-bunch instabilities. The factors calculated for lifetime improvement are larger than 2.5. The 3rd and 4th harmonic cavities have been designed. In particular, the absorbers and antenna couplers are applied in harmonic cavities to damp the higher order modes. Finally, the 4th harmonic cavity similar to the Dukes RF cavity will be used for HLS- II.

Experimental and Simulational Studies on the Theoretical Model of the Plasma Absorption Probe

Plasma absorption probe (PAP) was developed for measuring the electron density in plasmas processing based on the surface-wave characteristics. In order to diagnose the plasma with lower density and higher pressure, a sensitive PAP was also developed. Both types of PAP were analyzed theoretically under the quasi-static approximation, which is highly problematic when a conductor exists in the resonance region of the probe. For this reason, a theoretical model for the PAP is presented in this paper. The model is derived from the electromagnetic wave equation. Its principle is then verified via experiments and numerical simulations. Both experimental and numerical results show that the electromagnetic theoretical model is valid as compared with the quasi-static model. Consequently, a new type of PAP, named as the electromagnetic PAP, is thus proposed for the measurement of electron density.

Physical design of a 10 MeV LINAC for polymer radiation processing

In China, polymer radiation processing has become one of the most important processing industries. The radiation processing source may be an electron beam accelerator or a radioactive source. Physical design of an electron beam facility applied for radiation crosslinking is introduced in this paper because of its much higher dose rate and efficiency. Main part of this facility is a 10 MeV travelling wave electron linac with constant impedance accelerating structure. A start to end simulation concerning the linac is reported in this paper. The codes Opera-3d, Poisson-superfish and Parmela are used to describe electromagnetic elements of the accelerator and track particle distribution from the cathode to the end of the linac. After beam dynamic optimization, wave phase velocities in the structure have been chosen to be 0.56, 0.9 and 0.999 respectively. Physical parameters about the main elements such as DC electron gun, iris-loaded periodic structure, solenoids, etc, are presented. Simulation results proves that it can satisfy the industrial requirement. The linac is under construction. Some components have been finished. Measurements proved that they are in a good agreement with the design values.

Linear Optics Compensation of the Superconducting Wiggler in HLS

Hefei Light Source is a dedicated VUV light source. A superconducting wiggler magnet, whose peak magnetic field is 6 T, was installed on the storage ring to generate hard X-ray radiation. With the compensation of tune shift due to superconducting wiggler, beam was successfully stored, while the beam lifetime was degenerated much. In order to cure the beam lifetime, some simple hardware improvement was made and linear optics compensation scheme was intensively studied by two calculation methods. Calculation results showed that focusing perturbation from wiggler can’t be eliminated completely for HLS and a new scenario of compensation, whose purpose is to remove tune shifts and to suppress large beta-function distortions, was brought forward. Experimental result has demonstrated the effectiveness of this new compensation scheme and the beam lifetime was recovered to original level without wiggler.

The upgraded scheme of Hefei Light Source

To enhance the performance of Hefei Light Source, which was designed and constructed two decades ago, an upgrade project would be carried out in the near future. The detail upgrade scheme was described in this paper. Firstly, the magnet lattice of storage ring should be reconstructed with 4 DBA cells, whose advantages are lower beam emittance and more straight section available for insertion devices. Secondly, the beam diagnostics, main power supply, transverse and longitudinal multi‐bunch feedback, beam control and manipulation system would be upgrade to improve the beam orbit stability. Finally, the injection system of storage ring and injector, which is composed of electron linac and beam transfer line, would be updated in order to assure smooth beam accumulation process under new low emittance lattice. With above improvement, it is hopeful to increase the brilliance of Hefei Light Source by two orders approximately. After three‐year upgrade project, the performance of HLS would meet the demands of advanced SR users.To enhance the performance of Hefei Light Source, which was designed and constructed two decades ago, an upgrade project would be carried out in the near future. The detail upgrade scheme was described in this paper. Firstly, the magnet lattice of storage ring should be reconstructed with 4 DBA cells, whose advantages are lower beam emittance and more straight section available for insertion devices. Secondly, the beam diagnostics, main power supply, transverse and longitudinal multi‐bunch feedback, beam control and manipulation system would be upgrade to improve the beam orbit stability. Finally, the injection system of storage ring and injector, which is composed of electron linac and beam transfer line, would be updated in order to assure smooth beam accumulation process under new low emittance lattice. With above improvement, it is hopeful to increase the brilliance of Hefei Light Source by two orders approximately. After three‐year upgrade project, the performance of HLS would meet the demands of adv...

Conceptual design of Hefei Advanced Light Source (HALS) injection system

The Hefei Advanced Light Source(HALS) is a super low emittance storage ring and has a very short beam life time. In order to run the ring stablely, top-up injection will be necessary. The injection system will greatly affect the quality of beam. This article first gives a physics design of the injecting system. Then the injecting system is tracked under different errors. The responses of storage beam and injecting beam are given in the article.

Design of an electron gun for terahertz radiation source

An EC-ITC (External-Cathode Independently Tunable Cells) RF gun was employed with the aim of obtaining short-pulse bunches with high peak current for a terahertz radiation source. A gridded DC gun plays a key role as the external injecting electron source of the ITC RF gun, the performance of which determines the beam quality in the injector and transport line. In order to make the beam well compressed in the ITC RF gun, the energy of the electrons acquired from the gridded DC gun should be 15 keV at most. A proper structure of the gridded gun with double-anode is shown to overcome the strong space- charge force on the cathode, which is able to generate 6 μs beam with 4.5 A current successfully.

Conceptual design of Hefei advanced light source

The conceptual of Hefei Advanced Light Source, which is an advanced VUV and Soft X-ray source, was developed at NSRL of USTC. According to the synchrotron radiation user requirements and the trends of SR source development, some accelerator-based schemes were considered and compared; furthermore storage ring with ultra low emittance was adopted as the baseline scheme of HALS. To achieve ultra low emittance, some focusing structures were studied and optimized in the lattice design. Compromising of emittance, on-momentum and off-momentum dynamic aperture and ring scale, five bend acromat (FBA) was employed. In the preliminary design of HALS, the emittance was reduced to sub nm ? rad, thus the radiation up to water window has full lateral coherence. The brilliance of undulator radiation covering several eVs to keVs range is higher than that of HLS by several orders. The HALS should be one of the most advanced synchrotron radiation light sources in the world.

Physical calculation for anX-band hybrid dielectric-iris-loaded accelerator

A small, high performance X-band hybrid dielectric-iris-loaded travelling-wave linac with the length of 1.47 m and the maximum accelerating gradient of 45 MV/m has been designed. The beam energy of 33 MeV, the energy spread of 0.5%, the beam emittance of about 5.7 πmm mrad and the capture efficiency of 40% are reached by adjusting the sizes of the accelerating cavities and the phase velocity. The attenuation per unit length of structure, the shunt impedance Rs, the quality factor Q, the group velocity and the phase velocity are also presented.