Fernanda Heloisa Litz

Feeding management strategy for male broiler breeders and its effects on body weight, hatchability and fertility

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the supply of a specific-male diet on rooster body weight, hatchability, and fertility. Two diets were supplied during the egg production period: treatment 1, diet formulated for females and containing, in average, 2,830 kcal ME/kg and 15% CP; and treatment 2, diet specifically formulated for male broiler breeders, containing 2,750 kcal ME/kg and 13.5% CP. In the experiment, 26 flocks, with approximately 7,000 females and 840 males each, belonging to the same broiler breeder commercial strain, were distributed into 26 houses (1200m 2 ) on the same farm, and submitted to the same management practices. Body weight was evaluated in 13 flocks per treatment and for five weeks (45, 50, 55, 60, 65), and hatchability and fertility in four incubation lots per treatment and for the same weeks. Data were evaluated by the analysis of mixed models for repeated measurements, using the PROC MIXED of SAS 9.3 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA), and means were compared by the test of Tukey-Kramer at 5% significance level. The specific-male diet allowed body weight control during all analyzed weeks and promoted high hatchability and egg fertility. The increase in the number of chicks hatched demonstrates the economic viability of feeding a specific diet for male broiler breeders.

The Eggshell and Its Commercial and Production Importance

Abstract The eggshell of table eggs retains egg contents from the point of lay through processing and transport to the domestic or other food establishments. Eggs with cracks in the shell cannot be sold as high quality eggs. Cracked eggs also create a food safety concern because of the increased risk of bacterial contamination. Factors affecting shell quality of eggs to point of lay include the age, nutrition, health status, and the environment of the laying hen. Shell breakage after point of lay is influenced by equipment as well as the processing, packaging, storage, and shipping conditions of the eggs. The eggshells and membranes that remain after removal of yolk and albumen in breaking plants are underutilized as they are in most instances disposed of as waste. Recycling of shells as a feed ingredient and calcium source in animal and human foods has proven to be economically unfeasible.

Digestibility, Determination of Metabolizable Energy and Bone Mineralization of Broilers Fed with Nutritionally Valued Phytase

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of using exoenzyme phytase in broiler’s diets on digestibility of nutrients, feed energy and tibia bone mineralization. A completely randomized design was used, with the following treatments: sorghum with dicalcium phosphate (SDP), corn with dicalcium phosphate (CDP), sorghum with meat and bone meal (SMBM), sorghum with valued phytase (SVP) and sorghum with phytase without valued (SPWV). For digestibility analysis, eighty 15 day old broilers were used, a total of 1400 male Hubbard Flex chickens, which were submitted to total excreta collection to obtain the percentages of food digestibility, crude protein, ether extract, apparent metabolizable energy, calcium and phosphorus while for tibias mineralization. Six birds per treatment were used, where determination of mineral matter, calcium and phosphorus were performed. Metabolizable energy (ME) and apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen (AMEn) of the feed were also calculated. Data were subjected to variation analysis and the average compared by 5% Tukey test. There was no difference between treatments for the digestibility at 15-20 day old as well as for the feed energy values, but the diets with phytase had higher phosphorous percentage values for tibia bone mineralization, demonstrating that exogenous phytase enzyme is able to hydrolyze phytate origininated from plant and release the phosphorus for assimilation by animals, acting as a substitute for phosphorus plant sources.

Performance of Chicks Submitted to Fasting Post-Hatching and with Maltodextrine Supplementing to Diet as Hydrating and Energetic Additive

ABStRACt This study aimed to evaluate the effect of maltodextrin on performance of chicks passed through four fasting periods. A completely randomized design was performed, consisting of three treatments (1 - control, 2 - 4% saccharose; 3-4% maltodextrin 20) and four fasting periods after hatching (0, 12, 24 and 36 hours) with four replications, totaling 1920 birds of both sexes. The studied variables were: water intake in the first 12 hours, average food intake, average body weight and real feed conversion. Data was submitted to analysis of variance and means were compared with each other by Dunnett test at 5% significance. The use of additives and imposing of different fasting periods did not influence the performance at 42 days old. Therefore, fasted chicks consumed significantly more water. At 7 days old, chicks fasted showed higher body weight and higher feed intake, however, the viability did not suffer any influence, the weight remained higher after 21days with the fast imposition and there was no influence on other variables. There was no effect of fasting on broiler chiken’s performance at 42 days old. The inclusion of sucrose and maltodextrin to drinking water stimulated the chick´s water intake and provided higher viability after seven days old.

Effect of Sorghum Based Nutritional Programs on Performance, Carcass Yield and Composition of Breast in Broilers

ABSTRACT An experiment was conducted to compare three nutritional programs, which were developed with tannin-free grain sorghum based diets, evaluating performance, carcass yield and bromatological composition of the pectoral muscle of broilers. A total 1360 chicks mixed (50:50), from one to 42 days old Hubbard Flex Broilers, were housed in a completely randomized design consisting of treatments and 10 replicates each, distributed as follows: three programs with whole sorghum grain based diets (nutritional program with daily adjustment, nutritional program with every three days adjustment and nutritional program with four stages and a program with ground and whole sorghum grain based feed (four stages). The cumulative performance was evaluated at, 21 and 42 days, determining feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion and viability. At 42 days, the yield of eviscerated carcass, breast (full and boneless), thighs/drumsticks and wings and breast composition were evaluated. Nutritional adjustments showed better feed conversion, did not affect the carcass, commercial cuts yield and had a good breast meat quality. It can be concluded that daily feed programs could be performed in poultry industry with the mixture of whole sorghum grains and concentrates directly on farms contributing to better logistics and feed transportation cost.

Productive and Economic Performance of Broiler Chickens Subjected to Different Nutritional Plans

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of nutritional plans on the productive and economic performance of Hubbard Flex broiler chickens. A completely randomized experimental design was applied, consisting of five treatments. Treatments consisted of five different nutritional plans: a basal diet containing the nutrient and energy levels recommended by literature and designated reference diet; two diets containing 1.5% and 3% lower levels than the reference diet; and two diets containing 1.5% and 3% higher levels than the reference diet (-3%, -1.5%, reference plan, +1.5% and +3%). Feed intake (FI), body weight (BW), feed conversion rate (FCR), livability (L) and productive efficient index (PEI) were determined when broilers were 42 days old. Broilers were processed, and carcass and parts (breast fillet, leg, and wings) yields were determined. The economic viablility of the nutitional plans was evaluated as a function of feed cost/kg live and carcass weights, economic efficiency index (EEI), and cost index (CI). Feed intake and the feed conversion rate decreased as dietary nutrient and energy levels increased. Feed cost/kg live weight, economic efficiency index, and cost index cost increased as dietary nutrient and energy levels increased. Feed intake, feed conversion ratio, production efficiency index, and breast yield improved with increasing nutritional and energy levels. However, worse economic results were obtained with higher nutritional and energy levels.

Utilização de levedura (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) na dieta de vacas lactantes

The dairy cattle in Brazil is an activity of economic and social importance, both for food and nature in the generation of income and jobs. Increased efficiency in milk production is related to the improvement of power. Thus, food additives, are used to improve animal performance, operating in controlling or modifying the rumen fermentation pattern, thereby preventing disturbances metabólicos.O microorganisms of interest in the use as feed additives for dairy cows has increased significantly in recent years. A group commonly used are yeasts, particularly Saccharomyces cerevisiae, identified as probably responsible for improvement in the rumen, with no effect on pH. So it was aimed to observe the influence of the use of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) in diets of lactating cows on the increased production of leite.Os data used in this study were derived from the Quilombo Farm, owned by Winston Frederick Adams Drumond. The property is located on Highway MG-154, 7 km in the city of Capinópolis, Minas Gerais. Cows were selected in Gyr cattle by the head coach of PO propriedade.Com order to increase the production of milk was added to the diet in the rumen specific live yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae MARTINS, J.M.S. et al. Utilização de levedura (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) na dieta de vacas lactantes. PUBVET, Londrina, V. 6, N. 19, Ed. 206, Art. 1375, 2012. CNCM I-1077 (Levucell SC Farm of Lallemand, pack of 5 kg ), with inclusion of 50 g / animal / day, divided between the five day feeding schedule, 10 grams each. Showed an increase in milk production of animals supplemented with the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.