Fernanda Maria Pazinato

Maturidade de potros nascidos de éguas com placentite

Objetivou-se descrever a maturidade neonatal atraves da resposta clinica, comportamental e hematologica de potros nascidos de eguas com placentite. Participaram do estudo seis potros nascidos de eguas submetidas a inducao experimental de placentite ascendente atraves da infusao intracervical de Streptococcus equisubespecie zooepidemicuse tratadas com Sulfa-trimetoprim e Flunixin meglumine. A formacao dos grupos neonatais foi realizada de acordo com o grau de viabilidade e sobrevivencia ate 60 horas: Grupo Nao Sobreviventes (n=2); Grupo Debilitados (n=2); Grupo Saudaveis (n=2). Foi considerado o tempo de gestacao, periodo de intervalo inoculacao-parto, avaliacao comportamental, clinica e hematologica. O Grupo dos potros Saudaveis apresentou maior tempo de gestacao (320±2 dias) e maior intervalo inoculacao-parto (20,5±2,5 dias). Os Grupos Nao Sobreviventes e Debilitados apresentaram atraso para decubito esternal e reflexo de succao. Foi observada bradicardia e hipotermia com 48h de vida no Grupo Nao Sobreviventes. Os potros do Grupo Nao Sobreviventes e Saudaveis apresentaram leucopenia no nascimento com discretas variacoes ate as 48h. Os potros nascidos de eguas com placentite ascendente e tratadas demonstraram evolucao clinica e respostas neonatais distintas. Conclui-se que, quanto maior o tempo de manutencao da gestacao apos a injuria placentaria, melhor sera a maturacao fetal, o que refletira em viabilidade e melhor capacidade de resposta neonatal.

Avaliação hematológica e hemogasométrica de potros nascidos de éguas com placentite ascendente

The placentitis is a major cause of premature birth, abortion and compromised foal delivery, and may result in hypoxia and sepsis. The blood gas analysis and hematology can provide important information for monitoring the foals born from mares with placentitis, with different degrees of maturity. The aim of this study was to describe the hematological and blood gas values during the first 24 hours of life in foals born from crossbreed mares with experimentally induced placentitis, presenting different degrees of maturity. Sixteen foals, born from mares with experimentally induced ascending placentitis were assigned to three groups according to degree of maturity: premature (n=8), dysmature (n=4), and full-term foals (n=4). Blood samples were collected at birth (0), at 12h and 24h, and hematological evaluation and blood gas variables were measured. In the premature group normocytic normochromic anemia was observed compared to dysmature group at 12h and 24h. The premature group showed lower count of white blood cells at 24h relative to the full-term group (p=0.01). The pH, cHCO3 and SO2 values do not differ among the groups; however the premature group showed respiratory acidosis (pH=7,28). The PCO2 was higher at 0h in the premature foals (p=0.02). In all groups, the PCO2 presented an adaptive curve with reduction between 12h and 24h. The premature foals showed lower base excess (BE) values at birth (p=0.02), confirming the respiratory acidosis in this group. We conclude that the hematological and blood gas response differs between foals with different degrees of maturity. Acidosis in the premature foals at birth, with stabilization and compensation of pH value during the first 12-24h demonstrate the necessity of sequential blood gas analysis in risk foals. This may help identify the clinical response to the process and assist in the establishment of adequate treatment and prognosis for these foals.

ESTRESSE OXIDATIVO NA GESTAÇÃO: QUAL A PERCEPÇÃO NA ESPÉCIE EQUINA? - REVISÃO

Esta revisao buscou evidencias da manifestacao de estresse oxidativo na gestacao de equinos e consequencias no periodo neonatal. Alteracoes na perfusao placentaria na egua podem ocorrer em estagios tardios de desenvolvimento fetal, resultando em potros com baixo peso ao nascimento ou graus variaveis de imaturidade. Em humanos, o estresse oxidativo esta envolvido em situacoes de hipoxia nas gestacoes de risco, como pre-eclâmpsia, hipertensao induzida pela gestacao ou diabetes mellitus . O aporte de oxigenio durante a gestacao e bastante elevado, podendo cursar com a producao de especies reativas de oxigenio, alem de falha dos mecanismos de protecao antioxidante, o que causa o dano oxidativo. Existem muitas descricoes sobre o papel do estresse oxidativo na gestacao em humanos e sua relacao direta com alteracoes fetais e neonatais, sendo que no equino este processo ainda nao esta estabelecido. Eguas gestantes com laminite cronica apresentam sindrome hipertensiva, causando a producao de placentas mais leves e reducao da luz vascular, semelhante aos achados observados na placenta de mulheres com hipertensao. Os radicais livres tem sido relacionados com a patogenia da sepse neonatal, baixo peso ao nascer e encefalopatia neonatal em humanos. Estudos em potros demonstraram reducao dos mecanismos antioxidantes nos neonatos severamente acometidos clinicamente, mas nao revelaram indicios de dano oxidativo instalado. Esta revisao evidenciou que a egua pode apresentar achados de insuficiencia placentaria tardios, semelhante aos encontrados em mulheres com pre-eclâmpsia, sendo que essas alteracoes podem estar relacionadas a manifestacoes de estresse oxidativo durante a gestacao.

Achados histológicos da placenta e sua relação com seus aspectos macroscópicas e dados de éguas puro sangue inglês

The placenta is a transitory organ that originates from maternal and fetal tissues, the function of which is transporting nutrients from the mother to the fetus. The aim of this study was describe the histological features of placentas in healthy Thoroughbred mares at foaling and evaluate their relation with the gross placental and data of these mares. For this study 188 Thoroughbred mares were used. It was performed clinical observation for signs of placentitis during daily health checks and ultrasonic examination monthly to assess the fetus and placenta. All of the mares that exhibited clinical signs of placentitis were treated during gestation. The parturition was assisted, the placentas were grossly evaluated and samples were collected immediately after expulsion. The following data were considered for each mare: age, gestational age, number of parturition, time for placental expulsion, umbilical-cord length, placental weight and clinical signs of placentitis. Histological evaluation of the placentas revealed extensive cytoplasmic vacuolization of the epithelial areolar cells, presence of inflammatory infiltrates and hypoplasia-atrophy of the microcotyledons. Most of the gross placental findings were consistent with the histological results. In conclusion the mares with a vacuolated placental chorionic epithelium were older and had experienced a larger number of births. Great part of the mares with inflammatory infiltrates did not showed any clinical signs of placentitis during gestation.

Outbreak of equine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis in criollo horses

its alertness improved (Figure 2). All other parameters remained similar. After definitive diagnosis of EIA the colt and his mother were isolated until a second positive Coggins test was confirmed. The foal was euthanized according to the ethical standards of animal care. Horses entry or exit at the premises were not allowed. All animals underwent serial serological sampling every 15 days for 60 days from the first case. 14 new cases were diagnosed in the same farm without clinical signs, including colt’s mother. All positive animals were euthanized.